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2015年6月英語六級仔細(xì)閱讀模擬題（第三篇）
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ),B., C. and D. . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
The idea of public works projects as a device to prevent or control depression was designed as means of creating job opportunities for unemployed workers and as a "pump priming" device to aid business to revive. It was conceived during the early year as of the New Deal Era (1933-1937). By 1933, the number of unemployed workers had reached about 13 million. This meant that about 50 million people--about one third of the nation--were without means of support. At first, direct relief in the form of cash or food was provided for these people. This made them recipients (接受者) of government charity. In order to remove this stigma (恥辱)and restore to the unemployed some measure of respectability and human dignity, a plan was devised to create governmentally sponsored work projects that private industry would not or could not provide. This would also stimulate production and revive business activity.
The best way to explain how this procedure is expected to work is to explain how it actually worked when it was first tried. The first experiment with it was the creation of the Works Project Administration (WPA).
This agency set up work projects in various fields in which there were many unemployed. For example,unemployed actors were organized into theater projects; orchestras were organized for unemployed musicians,teaching projects for unemployed teachers, and even writers' projects for unemployed writers. Unemployed laborers were put to building work or maintaining roads, parks, playgrounds, or public buildings. These were all temporary "work relief" projects rather than permanent work opportunities.
More substantial work projects of a permanent nature were organized by another agency, the Public Works Administration(PWA). This agency undertook the planning of construction of schools, houses, post offices, dams, and other public structures. It entered into contracts with private construction firms to erect them, or it loaned money to local or state governments which undertook their construction. This created many jobs in the factories producing the material as well as in the projects themselves, and greatly reduced the number of the unemployed.
Still another agency which provided work projects for the unemployed was the Civilian Conservation Corps
(CCC.. This agency provided job opportunities for youths aged 16 to 20 to work in national parks or forests clearing land, guarding against fires, building roads, or doing other conservation work. In the event of a future depression, the federal government might revive any or all of the above methods to relieve unemployment and stimulate business.
56. It was at the beginning of the New Deal Era that public works projects__________.
A. were ignored by most American socialists
B. proved its advantages over other plans
C. were given a serious consideration
D. were put into use immediately
57. According to the passage, during the New Deal Era, the public works projects might __________.
A. make a great leap in guiding the economic development
B. help those unemployed to resume respect and dignity
C. urge private businesses to employ more workers
D. prevent government from lending money to the unemployed
58. The Works Project Administration could __________.
A. relieve the burden of both the unemployed and the government
B. satisfy the need of people from various fields of the society
C. meet the need of most people who were once white-collars
D. not offer people jobs which would support them for a whole life
59. Compared with WPA, the Public Works Administration __________.
A. got private businesses involved in the restoring of economy
B. encouraged the local governments to make concrete plans
C. offered jobs in all the aspects concerning construction
D. stimulated the economy by lending money to local governments
60. The Civilian Conservation Corps mainly offered jobs __________.
A. to give more opportunities to various age groups
B. to foster the spirit of American youths
C. that are laborious to youngsters
D. under the name of relieving family burdens
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.
The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the- clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m to 4 p.m the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, has shown that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work
built up during the week.
The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carded out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.
This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal day-time work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.
61. The study of sleep cycle can be of practical use to places where __________.
A. strict work shifts are required to cater for the need of automatic machines
B. working at night is normal for most employees
C. employees work according to different requirements of machines
D. employees have to adapt to irregular work patterns and organizations
62. According to Bonier, after the training of a different sleep pattern during the weekdays, people __________.
A. resume their original sleep habits for night shifts before the training
B. tend to come back to their routine sleep patterns at weekends
C. suffer a lot when they come back home to sleep at weekends
D. enjoy the benefits of adjusting to various sleep patterns quickly
63. Which of the following is Brown's finding?
A. People should choose a sleep pattern and work according to the pattern.
B. Regular changes between day shifts and the night ones do good to workers.
C. Permanent night workers suffer no disturbed sleep or other disorders.
D. Workers act abnormally when they work on night shift every day.
64. What can be done in arranging day and night shifts in a factory?
A. Make a survey on employees' preference on different shifts.
B. Give a physical test and find those who are always energetic at nights.
C. Stick to the pattern for three months once the shifts are settled down.
D. Look for those who can adjust fast to the change of wakefulness and sleep.
65. According to the passage, body temperature__________.
A. plays a vital role in selecting people for alternative day and night shifts
B. changes every two hours during the day and every three hours during the night
C. has been used for industries in selecting people for alternative shifts
D. changes after a person has finished the training for alternative shifts
Passage One
【參考譯文】
將公共事業(yè)項(xiàng)目用來預(yù)防或控制經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條的想法旨在為失業(yè)工人創(chuàng)造工作機(jī)會，成為政府為幫助商業(yè)復(fù)蘇所做的注資手段。[56]這種設(shè)想是在施行羅斯福新政(1933一l937)的早期形成的。截至1933年，失業(yè)工人人數(shù)已達(dá)約1300萬。這意味著在全國有約5000萬人，即接近全國人口1/3的人沒有生計。起初.政府以現(xiàn)金或食物的形式給這些人提供了直接的救助。這使他們成了政府慈善的接受者。[57]為了消除失業(yè)者的恥辱感并在某種程度上恢復(fù)他們的聲譽(yù)和人格尊嚴(yán)。政府制定了一項(xiàng)計劃，即創(chuàng)立由政府贊助的、私人企業(yè)不會或不能提供的就業(yè)工程。這也會刺激生產(chǎn)并恢復(fù)商業(yè)活動。
要解釋清楚人們期望這種措施如何發(fā)揮作用，最佳的辦法就是說明它首次試行時實(shí)際上是如何運(yùn)作的。其首次嘗試是就業(yè)工程管理局的創(chuàng)立。這個機(jī)構(gòu)在失業(yè)人數(shù)眾多的各個領(lǐng)域設(shè)立了就業(yè)項(xiàng)目。例如。失業(yè)演員被組織到劇院項(xiàng)目，失業(yè)音樂家被組織成管弦樂隊(duì)，為失業(yè)教師組織教學(xué)項(xiàng)目，甚至為失業(yè)作家創(chuàng)立作家項(xiàng)目。失業(yè)勞動者被組織去從事建造房屋、維護(hù)公路、公園、運(yùn)動場或公共建筑的相關(guān)工作。
[58]這些都是暫時性的“工作救濟(jì)”項(xiàng)目，而不是永久性的工作機(jī)會。
另一家機(jī)構(gòu)，公共工程管理局，組織了更多具有永久性質(zhì)的實(shí)質(zhì)性就業(yè)項(xiàng)目。這一機(jī)構(gòu)承擔(dān)學(xué)校、房屋、郵局、水壩及其他公共建筑的建設(shè)規(guī)劃。[59]它與私營建筑公司簽訂建筑合同讓其承建�；蛸J款給承擔(dān)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的地方政府或州政府。這創(chuàng)造了很多在生產(chǎn)材料的工廠工作的機(jī)會以及參與項(xiàng)目本身的工作機(jī)會，大大減少了失業(yè)人數(shù)。
還有一家機(jī)構(gòu)為失業(yè)人員提供就業(yè)項(xiàng)目，即民間資源保護(hù)隊(duì)。[60]這家機(jī)構(gòu)為年齡介于l6歲到20歲之間的青年提供工作機(jī)會，讓他們在國家公園或森林清理土地、防火、修路或從事其他保護(hù)工作。萬一以后經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條，聯(lián)邦政府或許可以恢復(fù)使用上述的任何一種方法或全部方法來緩解就業(yè)壓力并刺激商業(yè)發(fā)展。
【答案解析】
56.C
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞the New Deal Era定位到第一段第二句。
解析：由該句可知公共事業(yè)項(xiàng)目“這種設(shè)想是在施行羅斯福新政的早期形成的”。原文conceive意為“構(gòu)思”，選項(xiàng)C中的give a serious consideration和conceive相對應(yīng)，故該項(xiàng)為正確答案。
57.B
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞thepublicworksprojects定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句。
解析：關(guān)于公共事業(yè)項(xiàng)目的作用，該句說：“為了消除失業(yè)者的恥辱感并在某種程度上恢復(fù)他們的聲譽(yù)和人格尊嚴(yán)，政府制訂了一項(xiàng)計劃，即創(chuàng)立由政府贊助的、私人企業(yè)不會或不能提供的就業(yè)工程。”由此可見，該計劃旨在幫助失業(yè)者恢復(fù)應(yīng)受的尊敬和人格尊嚴(yán)。顯然B項(xiàng)resume respect anddignity與原文restore…respectability andhuman dignity意思相符。故B項(xiàng)為正確答案。
58.D
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞WorksProjectAdministration定位到第二段。
解析：由第二段最后一句可知：“這些都是暫時性的‘工作救濟(jì)’項(xiàng)目，而不是永久性的工作機(jī)會。”顯然D項(xiàng)符合文意，為正確答案。本段第三句雖然說到就業(yè)項(xiàng)目得以在失業(yè)人數(shù)眾多的各個領(lǐng)域設(shè)立，但并未提到能滿足社會各領(lǐng)域人們的需求，故B項(xiàng)排除。A、c兩項(xiàng)在文中未提及。
59.A
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞the Public Works Administration定位到第三段。
解析：本段第三句說：“它與私營建筑公司簽訂建筑合同讓其承建，或貸款給承擔(dān)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的地方政府或州政府。”由此可見，PWA通過簽訂合同的方式，將私營公司引入公共建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，促進(jìn)就業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，顯然A項(xiàng)符合文意，故為答案。
60.C
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞Civilian Conservation Corps定位到最后一段。
解析：關(guān)于該組織，本段第二句介紹說：“這家機(jī)構(gòu)為年齡介于l6歲到20歲之間的青年提供工作機(jī)會，讓他們在國家公園或森林清理土地、防火、修路或從事其他保護(hù)工作。”由此可見，該機(jī)構(gòu)給年輕人提供工作，從列舉的工作看多屬于艱苦的體力勞動，因此C項(xiàng)與文意相符，故為答案。
Passage Two
【參考譯文】
眾所周知，人類正常的日常活動周期是大概7～8小時的睡眠與大約l6～17小時的清醒狀態(tài)相交替，并且，一般來說，睡眠時間通常與黑夜時間重合。我們現(xiàn)在關(guān)心的問題是，要改變這個周期的難易程度如何，能改變到什么程度。
這不僅僅是一個簡單的學(xué)術(shù)問題。例如，[61]自動化工廠要求持續(xù)24小時的機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，于是，人們從白天工作改型晚上工作是否容容易，就盛了一個日益重要的問題。一個人要適應(yīng)睡眠時間和清醒時間顛倒，即白天睡覺晚上工作，通常需要5天到一個星期的時間。不幸的是，在工廠里經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況是，每星期就換一次班。一個人可能有一周是從半夜12點(diǎn)工作到上午8點(diǎn)，第二周變成上午8點(diǎn)到下午4點(diǎn)，第三周又變成下午4點(diǎn)到半夜l2點(diǎn)，如此等等。這就意味著，他剛剛習(xí)慣了一種作息方式就不得不改為另一種，這樣，在大部分的時間里，他都不能很有效率地工作或休息。
一種解決方法似乎是每次換班持續(xù)的時間長些，可以一個月甚至三個月?lián)Q一次班。然而，[62]荷蘭的博尼亞爾最近的研究表明，在周末，按照這種倒班制度工作的人會恢復(fù)他們通常的睡眠和清醒的習(xí)慣，這足以摧毀在這個星期所建立的適應(yīng)任何夜班工作的習(xí)慣。
而唯一能真正解決問題的方法似乎是將夜班交給一些永久上夜班的工人。1957年，布朗針對夜班工作人員的家庭生活和健康進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)有趣的研究。[63]她發(fā)現(xiàn)晝夜交替工作的人中，睡眠失常和其他紊亂癥高發(fā)，但在永久夜間工作的人什上并未出現(xiàn)這些異常癥狀。
[64]后面提到的這種方法看起來是最好的長期政策，但同時。我們?nèi)钥梢酝ㄟ^挑選出那些能夠最快適應(yīng)日常生活習(xí)慣變化的人來緩解晝夜交替工作所帶來的壓力。一種了解一個人是否適應(yīng)了的方法是測量他的體溫。白天工作、正常作息的人在清醒的時候體溫高而夜間則比較低;當(dāng)他們換成晚班時，模式只會逐漸調(diào)整適應(yīng)新的作息規(guī)律，而且，一般說來，其適應(yīng)速度是與整個身體的適應(yīng)程度是相同的，尤其是在工作表現(xiàn)方面。[65]因此。通過在清醒時期每隔兩小時測量一次體溫，可以看出一個人能多快適應(yīng)顛倒的作息時間。而這可以作為挑選的基礎(chǔ)。然而，到目前為止，這種挑選方式似乎還沒有被運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中。
【答案解析】
61.A
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞sleep cycle和places定位到第二段前兩句。
解析：題干問對睡眠規(guī)律的研究對什么地方有實(shí)際意義。第二段首句指出，這不僅僅是一個簡單的學(xué)術(shù)問題。接著說：“自動化工廠要求持續(xù)24小時的機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，于是，人們從白天工作改到晚上工作是否容易，就成了一個日益重要的問題。”因此在自動化工廠，這項(xiàng)研究具有實(shí)際意義。A項(xiàng)中automatic machines與原文中的automation對應(yīng)，故為答案。
62.B
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞Bonier定位到第三段第二句。
解析：本句闡述Bonjer的研究結(jié)果時指出：“……在周末，按照這種倒班制度工作的人會恢復(fù)他們通常的睡眠和清醒的習(xí)慣，這足以摧毀在這個星期所建立的適應(yīng)任何夜班工作的習(xí)慣。”由此可知，員工們工作日培養(yǎng)出來的倒班睡眠習(xí)慣，在周末又恢復(fù)到以前的睡眠習(xí)慣了。故B項(xiàng)與原文相符，為本題答案。
63.C
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞Brown定位到第四段后兩句。
解析：前面一句提到了Brown，后一句接著說Brown發(fā)現(xiàn)“晝夜交替工作的人中，睡眠失常和其他紊亂癥高發(fā)，但在永久夜間工作的人身上并未出現(xiàn)這些異常癥狀”。故C項(xiàng)與原文相符，為正確答案。D項(xiàng)與原文意思相悖;A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)原文均未提及。
64.D
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞arranging day and night shifts定位到第五段第一句。
解析：題干問工廠應(yīng)如何安排倒班。根據(jù)該句可知：“……我們?nèi)钥梢酝ㄟ^挑選出那些能夠最快適應(yīng)日常生活習(xí)慣變化的人來緩解晝夜交替工作所帶來的壓力。”因此應(yīng)選那些最快適應(yīng)變化的人，D項(xiàng)與文意吻合，故為答案。
65.A
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞body temperature定位到第五段倒數(shù)第二句。
解析：本句指出：“因此，通過在清醒時期每隔兩小時測量一次體溫，可以看出一個人能多快適應(yīng)顛倒的作息時間，而這可以作為挑選的基礎(chǔ)。”因此體溫對挑選倒班的人選很重要，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。C項(xiàng)與文意相悖;B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)原文均未提及。
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