大學(xué)英語四級考試沖刺閱讀提高訓(xùn)練
An active lifestyle and a healthy, fish-rich diet are not only good for your heart, they may also help tackle the memory loss associated with old age, two leading neuroscientists said on Wednesday.
As people live longer, finding ways of halting the decline in mental agility is becoming increasingly important, said Professor Ian Robertson, director of the Institute of Neuroscience at Trinity College Dublin.
"The biggest threat to being able to function well and properly is our brains," he told journalists.
"There is very strong evidence, particularly in the over-50s, that the degree to which you maintain your mental faculties depends on a handful of quite simple environmental factors," he said.
Those who remained physically fit, avoided high stress levels and enjoyed a rich and varied social life are better equipped to stay alert as they age. Mental stimulation, learning new things and simply thinking young also help.
參考譯文：
近日，兩位世界著名的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家提出了自己的新觀點(diǎn)，他們認(rèn)為積極的生活方式、健康的飲食，特別是富含魚類的飲食不僅對心臟有好處，還有助于解決由于衰老而導(dǎo)致的記憶力衰退。
隨著人類的壽命越來越長，尋找能夠抑制人類精神敏銳度下降的方法正變得越來越重要，愛爾蘭都柏林三一學(xué)院神經(jīng)科學(xué)協(xié)會負(fù)責(zé)人伊恩·羅伯遜教授說。
他告訴記者說：“對身體機(jī)能健康正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)威脅最大的是我們的`大腦�！�
“有強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)表明，一個人到底能夠保持怎樣的智力水平取決于一些非常簡單的環(huán)境因素，對于那些過了50歲的人來說，更是如此�！彼f。
那些身體健康、懂得為自己減壓、享受多姿多彩的生活的人，當(dāng)他們上了年紀(jì)之后，通常心智會更敏銳一些。智力上的刺激、學(xué)習(xí)新知識、保持年輕的心態(tài)同樣也有益處。
總結(jié)：
fish-rich 這個詞是復(fù)合詞，rich可以解釋為“充足的”意思，所以此詞可以意為：魚類非常充足的(飲食);再來看一個詞，neuroscientist,這里neuro-是一個詞根，意為：神經(jīng)的，所以這個詞可以解釋為神經(jīng)方面的科學(xué)家。再來看一句句子：The biggest threat to being able to function well and properly is our brains," he told journalists.看到這樣的話先分析一下句子的成分，它的主干是：The biggest threat is our brains. 而to being able to function well and properly 是用來修飾threat.還有句句子，There is very strong evidence, particularly in the over-50s, that the degree to which you maintain your mental faculties depends on a handful of quite simple environmental factors," he said. 這句話如果把語序調(diào)整為There is very strong evidence... that you maintain your mental faculties to which degree...是不是好理解一點(diǎn)呢?這句中還有個詞50s,這種形式既可以解釋為年代，也可以解釋為年齡，具體要根據(jù)上下文來理解哦!
Tropical fish can live for months out of water
GUATEMALA CITY -- A tropical fish that lives in mangrove swamps across the Americas can survive out of water for months at a time, similar to how animals adapted to land millions of years ago, a new study shows.
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The Mangrove Rivulus, a type of small tropical killifish, seeks refuge in shallow pools of water in crab burrows, coconut shells or even old beer cans in the tropical mangrove swamps of Belize, the United States and Brazil.
When their habitat dries up, they live on the land in logs, said Scott Taylor, a researcher at the Brevard County Environmentally Endangered Lands Program in central Florida.
The fish, whose scientific name is Rivulus marmoratus, can grow as large as three inches. They group together in logs hollowed out by insects and breathe air through their skin instead of their gills until they can find water again.
The scientific breakthrough came after a trip to Belize.
"We kicked over a log and the fish just came tumbling out," Taylor told Reuters in neighboring Guatemala by telephone. He said he will publish his study on the fish in The American Naturalist journal early next year.
In lab tests, Taylor said he found the fish can survive for up to 66 days out of water without eating, and their metabolism keeps functioning.
Clue to Evolution
Some other fish can survive briefly out of water. The walking catfish found in Southeast Asia can wriggle over land for hours at a time, while lungfish found in Australia, Africa and South America can survive out of water, but only in a dormant state.
No other known fish can be out of water as long as the Mangrove Rivulus and remain active, according to Patricia Wright, a biologist at Canada's University of Guelph.
"They can survive for weeks without really dropping their metabolic rate. They remain relatively responsive and active for weeks in air," she said.
The fish may hold clues to how animals evolved over time.
"These animals live in an environment that is similar to conditions that existed millions of year ago, when animals began making the transition from water onto land," she added.
Surviving on land is not the only unusual behavior exhibited by the fish. They have both testes and ovaries and essentially clone themselves by laying their own, already fertilized eggs.
"This is probably the coolest fish around, not only do they have a very bizarre sex life, but they really don't meet standard behavioral criteria for fishes," said Taylor in a summary of his paper.
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