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四級閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題及解析

時間:2021-01-28 10:46:01 英語四級 我要投稿

2017四級閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題及解析

  Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

2017四級閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題及解析

  By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction. In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools, it’s closer to 90 percent. If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven’t heard of the University of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.

  While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (課程大綱), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. Generally speaking, face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether.

  The attraction for students might at first seem obvious. Primarily, there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say, in your pajamas (睡衣). But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course. While dropout rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent. Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup. In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good as the classroom course.

  Clearly, from the schools’ perspective, there’s a lot of money to be saved. Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded (升級) systems. The more students who enroll in a course but don’t come to campus, the more the school saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and maintaining parking lots. And, while there’s evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons, they won’t be paid any more, and might well be paid less.

  注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

  62. What is the most striking feature of the University of Phoenix?

  A) It boasts the largest number of students on campus.

  B) All its courses are offered online.

  C) Its online courses are of the best quality.

  D) Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree.

  63. According to the passage, distance learning is basically characterized by ________.

  A) a minimum or total absence of face-to-face instruction

  B) a considerable flexibility in its academic requirements

  C) the great diversity of students’ academic backgrounds

  D) the casual relationship between students and professors

  64. Many students take Internet-based courses mainly because they can ________.

  A) save a great deal on traveling and boarding expenses

  B) select courses from various colleges and universities

  C) work on the required courses whenever and wherever

  D) earn their academic degrees with much less effort

  65. What accounts for the high drop-out rates for online students?

  A) There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort.

  B) There is no strict control over the academic standards of the courses.

  C) The evaluation system used by online universities is inherently weak.

  D) Lack of classroom interaction reduces the effectiveness of instruction.

  66. According to the passage, universities show great enthusiasm for DL programs for the purpose of ________.

  A) building up their reputation

  B) upgrading their teaching facilities

  C) providing convenience for students

  D) cutting down on their expenses

  解析

  這是一篇講述網(wǎng)絡(luò)遠程教育的文章,全文較為客觀地闡述了網(wǎng)絡(luò)遠程教育的現(xiàn)狀,說明性較強。文章各個段落均較長,因此一共只有4個大段,每一段針對網(wǎng)絡(luò)遠程教育的不同方面進行說明。

  第一段提出了網(wǎng)絡(luò)遠程教育漸趨流行的事實,并以菲尼克斯大學(xué)為例具體進行了說明。第二段簡單介紹了網(wǎng)絡(luò)遠程教育的施行方式。第三、四段分別從學(xué)生和學(xué)校兩個方面分析了網(wǎng)絡(luò)遠程教育流行的原因。

  文章長難句較多,往往以典型的英語式思維表達許多抽象意義,理解起來較為困難,尤其在第四段中出現(xiàn)的長句,結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,需要慢慢理解消化。

  62. B

  題目問菲尼克斯大學(xué)最為顯著的特點是什么。文章第一段以菲尼克斯大學(xué)為例說明了網(wǎng)絡(luò)遠程教育的流行趨勢,相關(guān)內(nèi)容只有It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country這兩句話,大意是菲尼克斯大學(xué)完全以在線教育為基礎(chǔ)授予學(xué)位,其登記注冊了90000學(xué)生,號稱全國第一大私立大學(xué)。

  A,它吹噓擁有最多的在校學(xué)生人數(shù)。菲尼克斯大學(xué)確實自稱學(xué)生人數(shù)在私立大學(xué)中排名第一,但Enroll 90000是指注冊的人數(shù),而非在校內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)(on campus)的人數(shù)。因此A的說法不對。

  B,所有課程都是在線提供。文中使用了entirely來明確說明該大學(xué)所有課程都是在線提供,因此B的說法符合文意。

  C,其在線課程質(zhì)量最高。文中沒有提到課程質(zhì)量如何。

  D,任何參加其在線課程的學(xué)生都可保證獲得學(xué)位。文中提到了學(xué)位問題,稱其學(xué)位授予依托網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育,應(yīng)該說是一種授予途徑,并沒有對是否必然獲得學(xué)位做出保證。

  63. A

  題目問根據(jù)文意,遠程教育的基本特點是什么。因為第一題所問的菲尼克斯大學(xué)的問題已經(jīng)是第一段末尾的內(nèi)容,而且全文只有4大段,5道題中的第二道題不可能越過第二段去考查第三段的內(nèi)容,所以這道題的答案必然要到第二段去找。

  第二段大意如下:盡管課程本身各不相同,但遠程教育還是有通常的'特點,老師在網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布大綱、作業(yè)等,學(xué)生通過電子郵件上交作業(yè);師生面對面的交流已經(jīng)減到最少或是完全消失。四個選項的意思是:

  A,面對面授課的最小化或完全缺失。第二段中的Generally speaking(通常來說)是總結(jié)性的詞匯,以此引出后面對在線教育的特點的描述,該描述與A恰好一致。

  B,學(xué)習(xí)要求相當(dāng)具有靈活性。文中提到作業(yè)是由電子郵件來發(fā)送,但這是否意味著靈活性強不得而知。也許用電子郵件發(fā)送作業(yè)反而會在時間上要求得更為具體,這樣反而是要求更為嚴(yán)格了。

  C,學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)背景非常廣泛。第二段開頭就指出在線教育所授課程各不相同,這也就是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)背景廣泛的意思。但這句話是由while引導(dǎo)的,while在這里是“雖然”的意思,而我們知道轉(zhuǎn)折句式的后半句(“但是……”)才是陳述的重點,所以C并不是作者所要指出的一般特點。

  D,學(xué)生與教授之間的關(guān)系較為隨便。文中說師生面對面交流的機會減少或消失,但這與關(guān)系隨便與否無關(guān)。

  64. C

  題目問許多學(xué)生選擇以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為基礎(chǔ)的課程主要是因為他們能夠……

  第三段從學(xué)生的角度分析了在線遠程教育流行的原因,指出最首要的原因是上課方便。而后也說明由于這個特點,反而使學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量下降。

  A,節(jié)省一大筆路費和住宿費。也許這是遠程教育的好處之一,但文中沒有提到這一點。文中使用primarily(最根本地)一詞,強調(diào)了首要原因是the convenience(方便)。

  B,從許多不同學(xué)院和大學(xué)里選擇課程。第三段乃至全文都找不到類似的內(nèi)容。

  C,隨時隨地參與課程。文中講到學(xué)生選擇遠程教育主要是因為方便,并舉例說明這種方便是可以穿著睡衣上課(do the work, as they say, in your pajamas)。這也就是可以隨時隨地學(xué)習(xí)上課的意思。

  D,少費很大的力氣就可以獲得學(xué)位。文中指出遠程教育確實可以節(jié)省力氣(the reduced effort),但其結(jié)果是退學(xué)率達到35%,高于在校學(xué)習(xí)的20%,與D的說法正好相反。

  65. A

  題目問在線學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生之所以出現(xiàn)高退學(xué)率的原因。四個選項的意思分別是:

  A,無法保證他們付出所需的努力。

  B,對課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)沒有嚴(yán)格的控制。

  C,在線大學(xué)的評估系統(tǒng)天生不強。

  D,課堂互動的缺乏降低了教育的效果。

  文章第三段中間部分提到遠程教育的學(xué)生退學(xué)率達到了35%(While dropout rate for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent),這種現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的原因在前一句就已經(jīng)給出了:But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course,數(shù)字顯示少費力氣也就少用功于上課?芍藢W(xué)率高是因為學(xué)生上課不夠用功,不夠用功的原因是遠程教育本身的特點:方便(convenience),節(jié)省力氣(reduced effort)。由此可見,A的說法最為符合文意。B和D的說法在文中都沒有提到。文中Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup一句雖提到了遠程教育的天生弱點,但這個弱點是指reduced effort,而不是評估系統(tǒng)(evaluation system在文中根本沒有提及)。

  66. D

  題目問根據(jù)文意,大學(xué)對遠程教育計劃十分熱心是為了什么。

  第四段從學(xué)校的角度分析了遠程教育流行的原因。開頭指出there’s a lot of money to be saved,即可以節(jié)約大筆費用。接下來具體分析了可以在哪些方面節(jié)約費用。首先是大多數(shù)遠程教育課程可以在現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)上直接或稍作升級后運行,不需要為服務(wù)器和網(wǎng)絡(luò)投入新的資金。其次是學(xué)?梢栽诮淌艺彰、安保和租用停車場上節(jié)省大筆資金。除此之外,文中再無其他論述。由此可見,在文章看來,大學(xué)對遠程教育如此熱心的原因是費用相對低廉。四個選項分別是:

  A,享得盛譽。

  B,升級教育設(shè)施。

  C,為學(xué)生提供方便。

  D,減少開銷。

  只有D符合文意。

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