2017年12月四級閱讀理解練習題及解析
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she won last year.
As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher. I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn’t win the contest again? That’s the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.
A revelation (啟示) came last week when I asked her, “Don’t you want to win again?” “No,” she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”
I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously (自發(fā)地) told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.
Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter’s experience.
While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.
注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。
57. What do we learn from the first paragraph?
A) A lot of distractions compete for children’s time nowadays.
B) Children do find lots of fun in many mindless activities.
C) Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure time.
D) Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials for her writing.
58. What did the author say about her own writing experience?
A) She was constantly under pressure of writing more.
B) Most of her stories had been rejected by publishers.
C) She did not quite live up to her reputation as a writer.
D) Her way to success was full of pains and frustrations.
59. Why did Rebecca want to enter this year’s writing contest?
A) She had won a prize in the previous contest.
B) She wanted to share her stories with readers.
C) She was sure of winning with her mother’s help.
D) She believed she possessed real talent for writing.
60. The author took great pains to refine her daughter’s stories because ________.
A) she wanted to help Rebecca realize her dream of becoming a writer
B) she was afraid Rebecca’s imagination might run wild while writing
C) she did not want to disappoint Rebecca who needed her help so much
D) she believed she had the knowledge and experience to offer guidance
61. What’s the author’s advice for parents?
A) Children should be given every chance to voice their opinions.
B) Parents should keep an eye on the activities their kids engage in.
C) Children should be allowed freedom to grow through experience.
D) A writing career, though attractive, is not for every child to pursue.
解析
這篇文章講述了一個作家母親指導女兒寫作的故事,通過作者的親身經(jīng)歷向人們揭示出當今社會的子女教育問題。這種個人化風格較強的文章在以學術性、科技類、說 明性文章為主要材料來源的四級閱讀題中還是比較少見的;但文章的中心思想還是借作者的個人故事向人們揭示社會問題,具有較強的實用性。
全文一共六個自然段,第一段交待了女兒忙于參加寫作比賽的事實;第二段作者回顧了自身寫作歷程的艱辛,引出要為女兒修改作文的動機;第三、四、五段詳細講述 了作者修改女兒作文的過程,作者最終的失敗使其對子女教育問題有所領悟;最后一段,作者具體說明了父母應該如何幫助子女成長的觀點。
這篇文章個人寫作風格明顯,語言平易,因而詞匯量不大,句子結構也較簡單,理解起來并不存在太大的問題,較少見到明顯的疑難部分。
57. A
題目問從第一段可以得知什么。第一段的大意如下:在這個網(wǎng)絡聊天、視頻游戲和電視真人秀的時代,供孩子們消遣的無聊活動當然也不會少。但我8歲的女兒麗貝卡卻把空閑時間用來寫短篇小說。她想要拿出一篇小說來參加一個寫作大賽。在去年的上一屆比賽中,她獲得了優(yōu)勝。
A,如今大量娛樂活動在為兒童競爭(即現(xiàn)在的兒童有充足的娛樂活動)。文章開篇的In this age of 詞組與A中的nowadays在時間上相互呼應。there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied中的 shortage是“少”的意思,但no shortage of并不僅指有一些,而是“較為豐富”,如there is no shortage of tall buildings here,這里的高樓可不少。從這一句可以看出,供孩子們消遣娛樂的活動確實很多,可以由此推出A的結論。
B,孩子們確實在許多無聊活動中得到了樂趣。作者只是指出供孩子選擇的娛樂活動很多,但沒有指明孩子們是否從中得到了樂趣。從mindless(沒頭腦的, 不用腦子的)一詞可以看出,作者對這些活動至少是持有懷疑態(tài)度的。另外,從文中可知作者的女兒對這些活動沒有興趣,當然也談不上樂趣,可以作為一個反例。
C,麗貝卡太忙而不能享受空余時間。文中只說麗貝卡把空閑時間用來寫小說,是不是真的太忙不能確定。另外寫小說本身也許即是麗貝卡的享受空閑時間的方式,那樣的話她也就是在完全地享受自己的空閑時間,C的敘述不對。
D,麗貝卡從網(wǎng)絡上汲取了很多寫作材料。這句話和文意相去甚遠,只要理解了第一段的意思,相信排除該選項不會太難。
58. D
題目問作者講了自己的哪些寫作經(jīng)歷。
作者介紹自己的寫作經(jīng)歷是在文章的第二段前半部分。大意是:“作為一個作家,我享受過奪得競賽優(yōu)勝的喜悅,也品嘗過失敗的滋味。我知道辛辛苦苦寫出來一個故事、結果卻得到一張出版商的退稿信時的感受。我同樣知道奪得優(yōu)勝后再想保住這份榮譽的壓力!
A,她經(jīng)常處在要寫作更多作品的壓力之下。文中只說作者在衛(wèi)冕比賽優(yōu)勝時有壓力,而不是寫作新作品時,因此A的說法不對。
B,她大部分小說都被出版商退稿了。文中說作者的稿件被退過,沒有提到是否大部分都被退稿。從文章大體可以推斷出作者是一個成功的作家,一個成功作家不可能大部分作品都被退稿。
C,作為作家,她對保住榮譽并不在意。從I also know the pressure of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories一句可以看出,作者為保住榮譽承受過很大壓力,C的說法與文意恰好相反。
D,她的成功之路充滿痛苦和挫折。根據(jù)第二段前半部分的敘述可知,作者品嘗過失敗,體驗過小說被退稿的感受,承受過保住榮譽的壓力,恰好可以由D的說法來概括。
59. B
題目問麗貝卡想要參加今年的寫作比賽的原因。
A,她在上一屆比賽中獲得了優(yōu)勝。言下之意是她是為了衛(wèi)冕而參加比賽,但文中的對話“Don’t you want to win again?” “No,”顯示,麗貝卡對能否奪冠并不在意。因此A的說法站不住腳。
B,她想和讀者分享她的故事。文中有一句話――she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”意思是她想告訴人們一個上小學一年級的天使的故事,也即想與人們(至少是讀到它的人)分享這個故事,這與B的說法是一致的。
C,她自信在媽媽的幫助下可以獲得優(yōu)勝。這一點與文意不符。首先,從對A的分析可知,她并不在意是否獲得優(yōu)勝;其次,從文中大體可知她早已決定參加比賽,媽媽的幫助應該是后來的事情,那么在決定參加比賽時她就不一定考慮過媽媽的幫助。
D,她相信自己具備真正的寫作才能。文章沒有任何一處地方提及類似內容,也就無從判斷是否如此,因此不能選D。
60. D
題目問作者花費了很多心力去修改女兒的故事,原因是什么。
文章講述作者幫助女兒修改文章是在第四段,開頭便說:I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously told them,我用了幾個星期幫她修改文章。之后則敘述了作者如何幫助女兒修改文章。四個選項的意思是:
A,她想幫助麗貝卡實現(xiàn)當作家的夢想。
B,她擔心麗貝卡寫作時的想象力過于狂野。
C,她不想在麗貝卡如此渴望幫助時使她失望。
D,她相信自己的`知識和經(jīng)驗可以提供指導。
很多人認為答案是A,但存在兩個疑點,第一,文中并未指明麗貝卡有當作家的夢想,從文中可知她寫作的目的只是要分享她的故事而已,甚至連寫作比賽的優(yōu)勝都不在意。文中雖有guiding the young writer across the hall這句,似乎作者是想把女兒培養(yǎng)成作家,但這只是作者為了說明自己當時的心情而打的比方而已。第二,即便有這樣的夢想,也不可能僅僅通過修改一篇作文就能實現(xiàn)。因此A并不正確。
B所說的想象力過于豐富和C所說的女兒非常需要作者的幫助,這些在文中都沒有交代過,可以說是生造出來的,可以排除。
第四段第二句說作者自認為是一個有經(jīng)驗的作家,之后寫到女兒的作品被作者按自己的經(jīng)驗、想法改造成了另外一個故事,進而把比賽當成了自己的比賽。由此可見,作者當初之所以要主動指導女兒,是自信自己的知識和經(jīng)驗可以對女兒提供幫助,只是結果不盡如人意。D的敘述是正確的。
61. C
題目問作者給了父母們哪些建議。給出建議是第四段的內容,這段的大意是:第一步,我不再干擾孩子,而后,給她空間的同時又能在需要時隨時提供幫助。作者隨時提醒自己,孩子需要嘗試、成長以及表達自我的空間。
A,孩子應被給予每一個表達自我的機會。原文說要給予孩子表達自我的空間,既然使用了“空間”一詞,也就意味著不是所有的機會都可以交給孩子。而A暗含的意思是無論孩子想要表達什么,都不要有所限制,與文意并不相符。
B,父母應該密切關注孩子們參與的活動。文中作者給出的建議是給孩子留有空間,又不離得太遠,使得在他們需要幫助時可以隨時提供幫助。而B中的keep an eye是始終密切關注的意思,與文意不符。
C,孩子應被給予通過經(jīng)歷實現(xiàn)成長的自由。第四段里的children need room to experiment是這句話的最好注解。
D,寫作這個職業(yè)雖然吸引人,但并不是所有的孩子都適合去追求。作者的建議是關于子女教育問題的,并沒有評價寫作作為職業(yè)是否適合所有孩子的問題。
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