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四級英語長短句解析
1. Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to. (09.6 Passage 1)
分析 主干：Most designers are finding...
finding 后是省略連接詞 that 的賓語從句。 該從句是 there be 句型 其主 語 comparable fabrics 后有一個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句直到句末。 該定語從句的謂語 動詞 replace 帶了兩個(gè)由 and 連接的并列的賓語從句都用 what 引導(dǎo)。
譯文：大多數(shù)現(xiàn)有品牌設(shè)計(jì)師都發(fā)現(xiàn)找不到滿意的有機(jī)布料來取代現(xiàn)在使用的顧客已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了的布料。
2. Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. (09.6 Passage 2)
分析 主干：Todd Park, a local detective, said...
said 之后的內(nèi)容是個(gè)省略引導(dǎo)詞 that的賓語從句。 whose skeleton...是個(gè)定語 從句修飾 an... woman。
譯文：當(dāng)?shù)氐囊幻麄商?Todd Park 說 這個(gè)方法幫他了解到有關(guān)一位身份不明的女性死 者的更多信息其尸骨是在大鹽湖附近被發(fā)現(xiàn)的。
3. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50 year old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year. (08.12 Passage 1)
分析 主干：Gullotta saw a man...
who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾 a... man。 本句是肯定陳述句 卻 用了 doing anything 而不是 doing something語義上有所強(qiáng)調(diào)。
4. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. (06.6 Passage 1)
分析 主干：The first study... has found that...
as... as從句中，是 they are likely to tell lies in phone 和 they are (likely to tell lies) in emails 進(jìn)行比較。不定式 to compare..作定語修飾 the first study，that 引導(dǎo)的從句至句末，作 found
譯文： 因?yàn)閹缀鯖]有主流刊物對一般的非裔美國婦女進(jìn)行過深入的專題報(bào)道，人們幾乎不了解我們的性情、我們的思想和我們通常所面臨的問題。
5. Privacy econom ist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50 cents off coupon (優(yōu)惠券). (08.6 Passage 2)
分析 主干：Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests...
Privacy economist 和 Alessandro Acquisti 是同位語。 tests 后的 that 從句作 tests 的 定語該從句的謂語動詞 reveal 帶有一個(gè)賓語從句 people will surrender...。
譯文：隱私經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家 Alessandro Acquisti 進(jìn)行了一系列的測試 這些測試表明人們會透露像社�？ㄌ栠@樣的個(gè)人信息 就只是為了能拿到微不足道的便宜 50 美分的優(yōu)惠券。
6. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men. (07.6 Passage 1)
分析 主干：There was a time...
本句是個(gè)存在句主語 a time 由 when 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾。”about + what”引導(dǎo) 的賓語從句構(gòu)成介詞短語作 stories 的后置定語。 在該賓語從句中it 是形式主語后面 的不定式短語 to work...是真正的主語。 dominated...作 a field 的后置定語。
譯文：我生活中有那么一段時(shí)間人們老是問我供職一個(gè)男性占主導(dǎo)地位的領(lǐng)域感覺 如何。
7. The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” (07.6 Passage 2)
分析 主干：The practice... is what...
定語從句 that can...修飾主語 the practice從句中的介詞的短語 past your... habits 作賓語 you 的補(bǔ)語as you write 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句修飾 trying to edit。 what 引導(dǎo)的 表語從句中用了”call+賓語+補(bǔ)語”的結(jié)構(gòu)what 是賓語free writing 是補(bǔ)語。
譯文：這種可以幫助你克服在寫作的同時(shí)就試圖編輯的壞習(xí)慣的做法便是 Elbow 所稱 作的”自由式寫作”。
8. As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease要especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. (06.12 Passage 2)
分析 主干：the focus has been shifting
句首 As 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句As 指代主句所說的內(nèi)容 在從句中作 seen 的 賓語。 主句中破折號后的內(nèi)容是短語介詞 in terms of 引導(dǎo)的介詞短語作狀語 表示 “從一方面來說”changing 與前面的 shifting 構(gòu)成語義再現(xiàn)。
譯文：正如我們所看到的一樣 我們社會醫(yī)療的重心正在從治療疾病轉(zhuǎn)到預(yù)防疾病上 來要要特別是要改變我們許多不健康的行為比如說不良的飲食習(xí)慣抽煙忽視 鍛煉。
9. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious (有營養(yǎng)的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. (06.12 Passage 2)
分析 主干：Imagine a person...
主干部分很簡短關(guān)鍵是 a person 后面有 5 個(gè) who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句使句式變得 復(fù)雜了。這 5 個(gè) who 引導(dǎo)的從句都有相似的結(jié)構(gòu)：含兩個(gè)由 but 連接的謂語前后的描述 形成鮮明的對比。 這樣的排比句式加強(qiáng)了語氣給讀者留下深刻印象。
譯文： 想象這么一個(gè)人：他體重適中但是并沒有吃到非常有營養(yǎng)的食物，他自我感覺還 行但只是偶爾鍛煉一下，他每天都去上班但卻不是一個(gè)優(yōu)秀員工，他大多數(shù)晚 上在家里喝一點(diǎn)啤酒但卻并不醉酒駕車，他沒有胸痛的感覺血液指數(shù)也正常 但卻嗜睡并且經(jīng)常感到疲倦。
10. The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. (06.12 Passage 2)
分析 主干：The field has not distinguished (between... and...)
主句的謂語用了 distinguish between... and... 的結(jié)構(gòu)and 連接的兩個(gè) someone 都 用了 who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句予以修飾。
譯文：傳統(tǒng)上醫(yī)學(xué)并沒有區(qū)分一個(gè)僅僅是”沒有生病”的人和一個(gè)健康狀況很好并且注 意自己身體特殊需要的人。 這兩種類型都被稱作”健康”。
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