四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀新題型模擬試題
改革后的大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀新增的長(zhǎng)篇閱讀題型，是段落信息匹配題。篇章后附有10個(gè)句子，每句一題。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出與每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能對(duì)應(yīng)兩題，有的段落可能不對(duì)應(yīng)任何一題。
四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀新題型模擬試題 1
Animals on the Move
A) It looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was slowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock. Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark’s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.
Moving to Survive
B) In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food.They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon.However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.
Skin Is the Key
C) The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.
D) The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the body’s back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark’s body snaps back the other way.
As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal’s body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.
Source of Energy
E) What causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark’s similarity to a belted radial tire doesn’t stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen “radials”. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.
F) When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place. The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored. This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.
Dolphin Has Speed Record
G) Another fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal’s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin’s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.
H) In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water. The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin’s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.
Other Animals Less Efficient
I) Not all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy. Scientists say that because of the slug’s inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?
1.According to the passage, a shark can use movement to find food, to avoid being chased by its enemies, and to find a new place to live.
2.Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show that human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment.
3.The skin is the key to the shark’s swift locomotion in water.
4.According to the Duke University scientists, when bending its body in swimming, the shark stretch its collagen fibers to the greatest extent.
5.Because it is also inflated by pressure, the area just under the shark’s collagen fibers similar to a belted radial tire.
6.A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims slowly through the water.
7.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travel 12 times as long as a slug.
8.A shark finds its prey by feeling the vibrations of a struggling prey.
9.According to the passage, collagen fibers can be compared to the string of a bow for both of them store energy when stretched.
10.When the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.
1.B
可以將答案定位在小標(biāo)題“Moving to Survive”下第二段的前兩句話，“Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore now territories”。
2.B
題干考查汽車、火箭和潛艇的例子是為了說明可以使人類到達(dá)任何環(huán)境，其中的“examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines”是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案定位在文章小標(biāo)題“Moving to Survive”下這句話，“Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon”。
3.C
本題考查鯊魚在水中快速游動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵是在皮膚。其中的“key”是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案定位在小標(biāo)題“Skin Is the Key”下首段的第一句話，“The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water”，與本題句子完全一致，所以直接選擇C即可。
4.D
題干中的“collagen fibers to the greatest extent”是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案定位在小標(biāo)題“Skin Is the Key”下第二段的第一句話，“The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming”。這與本題句子的內(nèi)容完全一致，
5.E
題干中“a belted radial tire”是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案鎖定在文章小標(biāo)題“Source of Energy”下第一段的第三句話，“Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen ‘radials’”。其中的`“just as”和“so”正說明了兩者的相似之處在于“inflated by pressure”，所以答案應(yīng)該是E。
6.G
題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是“a laminar flow”，所以可以將答案鎖定在文章小標(biāo)題“Dolphin Has Speed Record”下，根據(jù)該節(jié)第一段的倒數(shù)第三、四句話，“Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow.”。題干是對(duì)這兩句話的改寫，所以正確答案是G。
7.I
題干中“a slug”和“a mouse”均為關(guān)鍵詞，可以直接定位在小標(biāo)題“Other Animals Less Efficient”下第一段的第二句話，“It uses so much energy ... a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy”。題干是對(duì)該句的同義改寫.
8.A
題干中的shark, prey, struggling均為關(guān)鍵詞，可以直接定位在A段，Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark’s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish.
9.C
在Skin Is the Key中，C段中第二、三句話，The fibers are called collagen fibers.
10.F
在Source of Energy中，可以定位到第二段倒數(shù)第一句。
四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀新題型模擬試題 2
Driver’s License Test Tips
A.This article will provide you with some simple tips for passing your driver’s license test.Adequate preparation is absolutely essential，without which any number of driver’s license test tips will be redundant.
B.Getting a driver’s license is a big step in anyone’s life.It gives an individual the luxury to drive a car anytime he or she pleases，as driving without passing a driver’s license test is against the law.
For some people，the stress can be too much to handle and as a result they may mess up on the driver’s license test.There are some simple driver’s license test tips that anyone can follow,to be assured of passing the test and getting their driver’s license.
C.The most important of all the tips for passing your driver’s license test is to be prepared.This can only be achieved by you through hours and hours of sincere and diligent practice.If you are not sufficiently prepared for your driver’s license test，all the driver’s license tips for passing your driver’slicense test will be utterly pointless and redundant.You can read as many drivers’license test tips as you want，but if you are not practicing enough，then all these driving test tips will be in vain.Enroll ing yourself in driving schools is advisable for this purpose.
D.Now，if you’re wondering how to prepare for your driving test，the first thing you need to know is what the driving test instructors and officials are going to be looking for.The following are the qualities that the instructors will be on the lookout for and also the parameters that the scoring will be conducted on.
E)Starting the vehicle：The instructor will be observing you right from the time you start the vehicle.
He will note if you tum your head to look back and if you follow all the safety regulations that are required to be followed while starting a vehicle.Here are some tips on learning to drive a car.
F)Control of the vehicle：He will pay close attention to how much control you actually have over the vehicle.Your abilities with the gas pedal，the brake，the steering wheel and other controls will be scrutinized.
G)Steering：Not many road test tips stress on the importance of steering.This quality is closely analyzed by the instructor and obviously if your steering is wayward(任性的)，the chances of passing the driver’s license test are very slim.
H)Driving in traffic：Keeping calm and avoiding panic attacks while driving in traffic is of utmost importance.Many people get extremely stressed and nervous，when they are in the midst of traffic and one of the very crucial tips to pass road test for driver’s license is to stay calm and composed when driving in traffic.Also read more on road safety and car safety.
I)Traffic signs and lane discipline：This is another area that the instructors will be rating you on.Your ability to observe lane discipline and your recognition of the various traffic signs plays a major role in your passing the test.Keep these driver’s license test tips in mind to pass the test in your veryfirst attempt.
J)Stopping：Stopping the car smoothly and at the right place is a critical skill to have.When the in. structor asks you to stop the car，the timing，the positioning and the technique of doing so are important driving test tips to bear in mind.
K)Backing up and distance judgment：Your backing up skills and your ability to judge the distances between your vehicle and other entities will also be carefully scrutinized.If you cannot back up your vehicle satisfactorily ,parking would be very troublesome for you and a major source of hazard to you and to others around you. L)Hill parking：One of the essential tips for passing your driver’s license test is to master the art of hill parking.This is not as easy as it seems and can become a major source of anxiety in a driver.If you can display good skills at hill parking，it proves that you have developed good control over the vehicle.
M)Arm signals and driving etiquette：Another aspect that you will be judged on is your efficiency at giving the right arm signals at the right time.Your respect for other drivers on the road and the amount of courtesy you show them also plays a part in your final rating on the driver’s license test.
Read more about defensive driving techniques and tips and defensive driving courses.
N)Drivers who are well aware and informed about all the rules and regulations that need to be followed have a beRer chance of clearing their driver’s license test.The primary goal of these driver，slicense test tips is to instill(慢慢灌輸)a responsible and mature frame of mind in every individual.These road test tips will be pointless unless you develop a calm demeanor and tmless you are aware of all the rules that must be followed while driving.
O)Here are a few more basic drivers’license test tips that you should keep in mind when vou，re leaming how to prepare for your driving test.Always use the restroom before your test begins.Not doing so will cause more anxiety during the test.Memorize all the traffic signs and their significance well in advance before the test.Use your rear view mirrors efficiently and regularly.Ensure that you are well on time for your test and are carrying all the required documents and paperwork.Get adequate sleep the previous night and do not give the test with an empty stomach.Stick to the permitted speed limit.Do not drive too fast and do not drive too slow either.
P)Passing a driver’s license test is not simple and unless you are well versed in driver education.You could face a lot of difficulties.At the end of the day,remember that the instructors also want you to pass the test，so do your best to stay calm and composed and believe in your ability to pass the test.
This cannot be reinstated enough，but the key to passing your driver’s license test is practice.
46.According to this article，the importance of steering is emphasized by not many road test tips.
47.Your timing，positioning and technique should be considered by yourself when you stoD your test car.
48.Some people may fail their driver’s license tests because they have too much stress.
49.Hill parking as one of the essential tips for your license test seems easV.
50.The tips in this article primarily aimed at instilling a responsible and mature frame of mind in you.
51.In order to pass your driver’s license test.you should practice.
52.Your driver’s license test begins in practice when you start your test car.
53.During the preparation process，a few more basic tips should be kept in mind.
54.You should sleep adequately the night before your test.
55.A lot of difficulties could be faced if you are not well versed in driver education.
答案：
48.Some people may fail their driver’S license tests because they have too much stress.
有些人可能沒有通過駕照考試，是因?yàn)閴毫μ蟆?/p>
【解析】B)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中的fail their driver’S license tests可將答案定位于文章B)段第三句話，有些人可能沒有通過駕照考試，是因?yàn)閴毫μ蟆?/p>
49.Hill parking as one of the essential tips for your license test seems easy.
作為對(duì)你在駕照考試中的一個(gè)重要建議，斜坡停車看起來很簡(jiǎn)單。
【解析】L)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中hillparkin9可將答案定位于L)段第二句話，通過駕照考試的一個(gè)必要提示就是要掌握斜坡停車的技巧。這并不像看起來那么簡(jiǎn)單，可能會(huì)成為駕駛中一件非常令人憂心的事。
50.The tips in this article primarily aimed at instilling a responsible and mature flame of mind in you.
文中指導(dǎo)的主要目的`是將負(fù)責(zé)、成熟的心境慢慢灌輸給你。
【解析】N)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中primarily aimed at可將答案定位于N)段第二句話，flame ofmind為“心 緒，心境，心情”，駕照考試指南的首要目標(biāo)是將負(fù)責(zé)、成熟的心境慢慢灌輸給每一個(gè)人。
5 1.In order to pass your driver’S license test.you should practice.
為了通過駕照考試，你應(yīng)該進(jìn)行練習(xí)。
【解析】C)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中的practice可將答案定位于文章C)段第一句話，在所有的通過駕照考試的建議中，最重要的是考試準(zhǔn)備。這只能通過一小時(shí)接一小時(shí)的認(rèn)真和勤奮的練習(xí)才能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。
52.Your driver’S license test begins in practice when you start your test car.
當(dāng)你發(fā)動(dòng)了考試車時(shí)，實(shí)際上你的駕照考試就開始了。
【解析】 E)。推理題。根據(jù)句中begin可將答案定位于E)段第一句話，文中提到從你啟動(dòng)車子的那 一刻起，教練就開始觀察你了。
53.During the preparation process，a few more basic tips should be kept in mind.
在準(zhǔn)備的過程中，有一些最基本的建議應(yīng)該記在腦子里。
【解析】 O)。根據(jù)句中a fewmorebasic tips可將答案定位于O)段，keep inmind為固定搭配，指“牢記”。
這里有一些更加基本的駕照考試建議，在學(xué)習(xí)如何準(zhǔn)備駕駛考試時(shí)，你應(yīng)該牢記于心。
54.You should sleep adequately the night before your test.
在考前那個(gè)晚上你應(yīng)該睡眠充足。
【解析】O)。根據(jù)句中sleep可將答案定位于O)段，文中使用的是adequate sleep，這里用的是副詞形式。
前一晚保證充足的睡眠，而且不要空著肚子去參加考試。
55.A lot of difficulties could be faced if you are not well versed in driver education.
如果你不精通駕駛教育，你會(huì)面臨很多困難。
【解析】P)。根據(jù)句中driver education和a lot ofdifficulties可將答案定位于本文P)段第一句話。Be Versedin指“精通于”。想通過駕照考試并不簡(jiǎn)單，除非你很精通駕駛教育，否則你會(huì)面臨許多困難。
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