2015年大學(xué)英語四級(jí)翻譯核心語法鞏固
虛擬語氣:與事實(shí)相反的
一、主語從句:
1、it is +adj\\n that + 虛擬
2、it is +done(表示建議、要求)that + 虛擬
二、賓語從句:
1、I suggest(表示命令;建議;請(qǐng)求) that shoule +do (在虛擬語氣中,shoule have done = ought to have done,其他時(shí)候should 不等于ought to) 2、I wish that (用虛擬語氣)
三、目的狀語:
Lest或者for fear that + (虛擬語氣)should do
四、 if從句: 即 主句, if 從句
1、倒裝代替if從句:Had\\Were\\Should ,主句
2、but for = without(如果不是)代替if從句, 兩個(gè)都是介詞 But for \\without + 名詞 ,主句
3、with + 名詞 ,主句
4、if only + (if 從句) 要是該多好
五、隱藏虛擬語氣:本打算做但結(jié)果沒有做的
1、had hoped\\intended\\planned\\expected\\wanted\\meant to do
2、hoped to have done
3、be(was\\were) + to have done 4、would\\should like to have done Would have done 表意愿、將來
Should have done 竟然做了、本應(yīng)該做的 Could have done 有能力做 Might have done 表示猜測(cè)
Need have done 本來需要做的卻沒有做
主從句時(shí)間不一致情況下的虛擬語氣
有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果與主句中的動(dòng)作,發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致,這時(shí)動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的'時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。如:
1. 從句表示將來,主句表示過去:
、、If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.
2. 從句表示過去,主句表示將來:
、、If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
⑵、If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。
3.從句表示將來,主句表示現(xiàn)在:
⑴、If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.
4.從句表示過去,主句表示現(xiàn)在。
、、If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
⑵、If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.
5.從句表示過去,主句表示過去和現(xiàn)在
、、If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.
在不少情況下,虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說法,很難找出其暗含的條件。
(1) 、You wouldn’t know. 你不會(huì)知道。
(2) 、 would like to come. 我愿意來。
(3) 、I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 這是我做夢(mèng)也不會(huì)想到的。
(4) 、He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他將那事講的非常仔細(xì),簡(jiǎn)直就象他親眼看見一樣。
6.從句表示現(xiàn)在,主句表示過去
、拧f I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你,我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了。(從句說明現(xiàn)在,主句說明過去。)
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