2015年大學英語四級閱讀模擬沖刺訓練

　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

　　For questions 1-7, mark

　　Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

　　N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

　　NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

　　For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

　　How to Get a Great Idea

　　The guests had arrived, and the wine was warm. Once again, I'd forgotten to refrigerate it. "Don't worry," a friend said, "I can chill it for you fight away."

　　Five minutes later she emerged from the kitchen with the wine perfectly cooled. Asked to reveal her secret, she said, "Easy. I poured the wine in a plastic bag and then dipped it in ice water. After a few minutes the wine was cold. The hard part was getting it back into bottle. I couldn't find a funnel (漏斗), so I made a cone with wax paper."

　　My guests applauded. "How wonderful if we could all be that clever," one remarked.

　　A decade of research has convinced me we can. What separates the average person from Edison, Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity--it's the ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them. Most of us seldom achieve our creative potential. I think I know why, and I can help unlock the reservoir of ideas hiding within every one of us.

　　One puzzle I've watched students deal with is retrieving a Ping-Pong ball that has fallen to the bottom of a sealed, vertical drainpipe. The tools that they can use are either too short to reach the ball or too wide to fit into the pipe, which is also too narrow to reach into by hand. At last some students make the connection: drainpipe= water=floating. They pour water down the hole, and the ball floats to the top.

　　This and many other experiments suggest concrete ways of increasing creativity in all of us. Here are the best techniques.

　　Capture the fleeting. A good idea is like a rabbit. It runs by so fast that sometimes you see only its ears or tail. To capture it, you must be ready. Creative people are always ready to act, and that may ha the only difference between us and them.

　　Poet Amy Lowell wrote of the urgency with which she captured new ideas, "Whatever 1 am doing, I lay it aside and attend to the arriving poem," she wrote. Like many other writers, Lowell sought paper and pencil when she saw a good idea coming. I enter new ideas into a pocket computer. Anything--even a napkin--win do.

　　In a letter to a friend in 1821, Ludwig van Beethoven talked about how he thought of a beautiful tune while dozing in carriage. "But scarcely did I awake when away flew the tune," he wrote, "and I could not recall any part of it.' Fortunately--for Beethoven and for us--the next day in the same carriage, the tune came back to him, and this time he captured it in writing.

　　When a good idea comes your way, write it down--on your arm if necessary. Not every idea will have value, of course. The point is to capture first and evaluate them later.

　　Daydream. Surrealist Dali used to lie on a sofa, holding a spoon. Just as he began to fall asleep. Dali would drop the spoon onto a plate on the floor. The sound shocked him awake, and he would immediately sketch the images he had seen in his mind in that fertile world of semi-sleep.

　　Everyone experiences this strange state, and everyone can take advantage of it. Try Dali's trick, or just allow yourself to daydream. For many, the "three b's"--bed, bath and bus--are productive. There, and anywhere else you can be with your thoughts undisturbed, you'll find that ideas emerging freely.

　　Seek challenges. When you're stuck behind a locked door, every behavior that's ever gotten you free turns up quickly: you may push or pull on the knob, bang the door--even shout for help. Scientists call the rehappening of old behaviors in a challenging situation resurgence. The more behaviors that reappear, the greater the number of possible interconnections, and the more likely that new ideas will occur.

　　Try inviting friends and business associations from different areas of your life to a party. Bring people of two or three generations together. This will get you thinking in new ways.

　　Edwin Land, one of America's most prolific inventors, said that the idea that led to his invention of the Polaroid camera came from his three-year-old daughter. On a visit to Santa Fe in 1943, she asked why she couldn't see the picture he had just taken. During the next hour, as Land walked around Santa Fe, all he had learned about chemistry came together, with amazing results. Said Land, "The camera and the film became clear to me. In my mind they were so real that I spent several hours describing them."

　　Put new and crazy items--like kid's toys--on your desk. Turn pictures upside down or sideways. The more detersive the stimulations we receive, the more rapidly the mind produces new ideas.

　　Expand your world. Many discoveries in sciences, engineering and the arts mix ideas from different fields. Consider "The Two-String Problem". Two widely separated strings hang from a ceiling. Even though you can't reach both at once, is it possible to tie their ends together, using only a pair of pliers?

　　One college student found the solution almost immediately. He tied the pliers to one string and set it in motion like a pendulum (鐘擺). As it swung back and forth, he walked quickly to the other string and drew it as far forward as it would reach. Then he caught the swinging string when it passed near him and tied the two ends.

　　Asked how he had solved the problem, the student explained he had just come from a physics class on pendulum motion. What he had learned in one context transferred to a completely different one.

　　This principle works outside the lab as well. To enhance your creativity, learn something new. If you're a banker, take up tap dancing. If you're a nurse, try a course in mythology. Read a book on a subject you know little about. Change your daily newspaper. The new will interconnect with the old in novel and potentially fascinating ways. Becoming more creative is really just a matter of paying attention to that endless flow of ideas you produce, and learning to capture and act upon the new that's within you.

　　1. The author believes that those who have creative capacity are usually great figures.

　　2. The example of the students getting the Ping-Pong ball proves that students are more creative than average people.

　　3. The examples of Amy Lowell and Beethoven tell us that we should write down a good idea immediately as it may easily disappear.

　　4. Daydreaming can be a good way of realizing one's creative potential.

　　5. People facing challenges are unlikely to achieve creative ideas.

　　6. Salvador Dali is a famous surrealist painter, whose works are highly controversial from the modernism or even post-modernism perspective.

　　7. To enhance creativity, people should always learn something new.

　　8. The success of Edison, Picasso or even Shakespeare lies on their ability to rather than mere creative capacity.

　　9. The author believes that many discoveries in science, engineering and the arts mix ideas from ______.

　　10. Learn to be more creative is just a matter of focusing on the endless flow of ideas you produce, and learning to ______ the new that's within you.

　　試題詳解

　　1.N 由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞creative capacity定位到文章第四段第二句：What separates the average person from Edison，Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity--it's the ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them，作者認為普通人也有創(chuàng)造力，與題目意思不同。

　　由此得出題目說法錯誤。

　　2.N 由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Ping-Pong ball定位到文章第五段，再根據(jù)第六段首句 This and many other experiments suggest concrete ways of increasing creativity in all of us可知，作者認為人們同樣有創(chuàng)造力，與題目意思不同，由此得出題目說法錯誤。

　　3.Y由題于中的關(guān)鍵詞Amy Lowell和Beethoven定位到第一個小標題的末段：

　　When s good idea comes your way，write it down--on your arm if necessary.

　　Not every idea will have value，of course.The point is to capture first and evaluate them later。題目是原文的同義替換，由此得出題目說法正確。

　　4.Y 由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞daydreaming定位到第二個小標題第二段首尾兩句：

　　Everyone experiences this strange state，and everyone can take advantage of it...

　　There，and anywhere else you can be with your thoughts undisturbed，you'll find that ideas emerging freely，題目是原文的同義替換，由此得出題目說法正確。

　　5.N 由題于中的關(guān)鍵詞people facing challenges定位到第三個小標題末段末句：

　　The more detersive the stimulations we receive，the more rapidly the mind produces new ideas，題目認為面對挑戰(zhàn)的人不可能產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)造性的想法，與原文不同，由此得出題目說法錯誤。

　　6.NG 由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Dali定位到第二個小標題首段，但題目巾的內(nèi)容在文章中并未提及。

　　7.Y 由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞enhance their creativity定位到文章末段第二句：To enhance your creativity, learn something new，與題目意思相同，由此得出題目說法正確。

　　8.encourage creative impulses and then (to) act upon them

　　由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Edison，Picasso or even Shakespeare定位到文章第四段第二句：What separates the average person from Edison，Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity--it's the ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them，由此得出答案。

　　9.different fields

　　由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞discoveries in science，engineering and the arts定位到第四個小標題下面首段首句：Many discoveries in sciences，engineering and the arts mix ideas from different fields，由此得出答案。

　　10.capture and act upon

　　由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞be more creative定位到文章尾句：Becoming more creative is really just a matter of paying attention to that endless flow of ideas you produce，and learning to capture and act upon the new that's within you，由此得出答案。

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