2015年英語四級(jí)完型填空模擬習(xí)題
From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us.When humans first __1__ , they were like newborn children, unable to use this __2__ tool.Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind‘s future __3__ and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is __4__ for our ability to produce and use language.They __5__ that our highly evolved brain provides us __6__ an innate language ability not found in lower __7__ . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our __8__ for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, __9__ a function of the growth of the brain during childhood.Therefore there are critical __10__ times for language development. Current __11__ of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. __12__ , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in __13__ grades.Young children often can learn several languages by being __14__ to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the __15__ of their first language have become firmly fixed. __16__some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum.Children who have been __17__ from other human beings do not possess language.This demonstrates that __18__ with other human beings isnecessary for proper language development.Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language __19__ than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. __20__ , children learn language from their parents by imitating them.Parents gradually shape their child's lang uage skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
答案與解析：
1.B
此處意為：當(dāng)人類剛剛開始進(jìn)化，他們?nèi)缤律鷥阂粯硬粫?huì)運(yùn)用語言這種工具。evolved逐漸發(fā)展，進(jìn)化符合題意。generated生殖，發(fā)展;born (bear的過去分詞)不能作謂語動(dòng)詞;originated起源，不能用first修飾。
2.A
根據(jù)語法分析，答案應(yīng)用來修飾語言的。valuable珍貴的;appropriate合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)?convenient方便的，便利的;favorite最喜歡的。語言并不是人類選擇的結(jié)果，而是人類在進(jìn)化過程中慢慢發(fā)展起來的，對人類來說，應(yīng)當(dāng)是珍貴的。
3.A
此處意思是：語言的發(fā)展增加了人類未來的成就和文化進(jìn)步的可能性。attainments成就;feasibility可行性;entertainments娛樂;evolution進(jìn)化。
4.D
此處意為：許多語言學(xué)家認(rèn)為進(jìn)化使人們產(chǎn)生和具備了語言的能力。固定短語be responsible for對……負(fù)責(zé)，是……的原由。其它選項(xiàng)不與for搭配。
5.C
根據(jù)語法分析,空格后應(yīng)是一個(gè)賓語從句，而A，B，D三項(xiàng)后都不能接從句做直接賓語。confirm(確認(rèn))+名詞;inform(通知)sb.of sth.;convince(使某人確信) sb.of sth.
6.D
固定搭配provide sb.with sth.意為“向(人)提供(物)”
7.B
此處意為：我們高度發(fā)達(dá)的大腦是我們具備了其它低等動(dòng)物所不具備的語言能力。顯然，這里是把人和低等動(dòng)物相比較。因此選organisms有機(jī)體，生物體。
8.A
此句意思是：人類的語言能力是與生俱來的，但語言本身也在逐漸發(fā)展，所以這種能力應(yīng)該是潛在的。potential潛力;performance履行;preference偏愛;passion激情。
9.A
此句句義是：語言本身作為童年時(shí)期大腦生長的.一種功能，其發(fā)展是緩慢的。as (作為，當(dāng)作)合乎題意。Like作為介詞的意思是“像……一樣”。
10.B
此句意為：語言的發(fā)展有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵期，人體的成長是生物變化的過程。biological生物的;ideological思想上的;social社會(huì)的;psychological心理的。
11.A
此處意為：目前人們對“先天論”評(píng)論觀點(diǎn)不一，但是支持某些天生能力的證據(jù)卻是確鑿無疑的。reviews評(píng)論;reference參考;reaction反應(yīng);recommendation推薦。
12.C
從11題可看出，作者是傾向于先天論的，為了進(jìn)一步證明先天論是有道理的，作者選擇了以學(xué)校為例加以說明，因此這里應(yīng)填一個(gè)表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞Indeed(甚至)。
13.D
此處意思是：越來越多的學(xué)校發(fā)現(xiàn)在什么年級(jí)學(xué)外語較容易，根據(jù)常識(shí)(低年級(jí)學(xué)外語較容易)以及后文的Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults…可以選定答案。
14.B
此處意為：通過接觸多種語言，孩子們可以學(xué)會(huì)好幾種語言。be exposed to是固定搭配，接觸到。reveal(顯露)sth.to sb，不合題意，因本題中的them指languages。其余選項(xiàng)不與to搭配。engage in從事;be involved in參與。
15.C
此句意思是：一旦母語的規(guī)則被深深印入腦海中，成年人就很難再學(xué)好另一種語言。rules規(guī)則，規(guī)律;regulations規(guī)定;formations構(gòu)成，構(gòu)造;constitutions憲法，章程。
16.A
分析上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，從句意思是：語言的某些方面肯定是先天的。主句意思是：語言不會(huì)在與人隔絕的狀況下自行發(fā)展。前后應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
17.D
此句意為：與人隔絕的兒童不能掌握好一門語言。isolated孤立的，與人隔絕的;distinguished區(qū)別的，杰出的;different不同的;protected受到保護(hù)的。
18.D
此句總結(jié)前幾句，意為：必須通過與他人交往，語言才能夠發(fā)展。interaction相互作用;exposition暴露;comparison比較;contrast對比。
19.A
根據(jù)分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分別指代上句的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary”，此處所填詞對應(yīng)上文中的language development。也就是說，language acquisition語言習(xí)得。appreciation欣賞,感激;requirement要求;alternative轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換。
20.C
本句功能是以另一種方式解釋前文中的“imitative, learned behavior.(模仿性的后天行為)”。In other words換言之，換句話說;As a result結(jié)果是;After all畢竟;Above all首先。
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