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2015年6月大學(xué)英語四級考試模擬題
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)?
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.?
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:?
American Indians played a central role in the war known as the American Revolution. To them, however, the dispute between the colonists and England was peripheral. For American Indians the conflict was a war for American Indian independence, and whichever side they chose, they lost it. Mary Brant was a powerful influence among the Iroquois. She was a Mohawk, the leader of the society of all Iroquois matrons, and the widow of Sir William Johnson, Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Her brother, Joseph Brant, is the best?known American Indian warrior of the Revolution, yet she may have exerted even more influence in the confederacy than he did. She used her influence to keep the western tribes of Iroquois loyal to the English king, George Ⅲ. When the colonists won the war, she and her tribe had to abandon their lands and retreat to Canada. On the other side, Nancy Ward held positions of authority in the Cherokee nation. She had fought as a warrior in the war against the Creeks and as a reward for her heroism was made “Beloved Woman” of the tribe. This office made her chief of the women’s council and a member of the council of chiefs. She was friendly with the white settlers and supported the Patriots during the Revolution. Yet the Cherokees too lost their land.
?21.What is the main point the author makes in the passage?
?A.Siding with the English in the Revolution helped American Indians regain their land.
?B.At the time of the Revolution the Superintendent of Indian Affairs had little power.
?C.Regardless of whom they supported in the Revolution, American Indians lost their land.
?D.The outcome of the Revolution was largely determined by American Indian women.
?22.The word “it” in line 5 refers to ____.
?A.side B.revolution
?C.dispute D.independence
?23.How did Ward gain her position of authority?
?A.By bravery in battle.
B.By marriage to a chief.
?C.By joining the confederacy.
D.By being born into a powerful family.
?24.To which tribe did Nancy Ward belong?
?A.Mohawk. B.Iroquois. C.Cherokee. D.Creek.
?25.According to the passage, what did Mary Brant and Nancy Ward had in common?
?A.Each was called “Beloved Woman” by her tribe.
?B.Each influenced her tribe’s role in the American Revolution.
?C.Each lost a brother in the American Revolution.
?D.Each went to England after the American Revolution.
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.?
Born in 1830 in rural Amherst, Massachusetts, Emily Dickinson spent her entire life in the household of her parents. Between 1858 and 1862, it was later discovered, she wrote like a person possessed, often producing a poem a day. It was also during this period that her life was transformed into the myth of Amherst. Withdrawing more and more, keeping to her room, sometimes even refusing to see visitors who called, she began to dress only in white—a habit that added to her reputation as an eccentric.
?In their determination to read Dickinson’s life in terms of a traditional romantic plot, biographers have missed the unique pattern of her life—her struggle to create a female life not yet imagined by the culture in which she lived. Dickinson was not the innocent, lovelorn and emotionally fragile girl sentimentalized by the Dickinson myth and popularized by William Luce’s 1976 play, the Belle of Amherst. Her decision to shut the door on Amherst society in the 1850’s transformed her house into a kind of magical realm in which she was free to engage her poetic genius. Her seclusion was not the result of a failed love affair, but rather a part of a more general pattern of renunciation through which she, in her quest for self?sovereignty, carried on an argument with the puritan fathers, attacking with wit and irony their cheerless Calvinist doctrine, their stern patriarchal God, and their rigid notions of “true womanhood”.
?26.What’s the author’s main purpose in the passage?
?A.To interpret Emily Dickinson’s eccentric behavior.
?B.To promote the popular myth of Emily Dickinson.
?C.To discuss Emily Dickinson’s failed love affair.
?D.To describe the religious climate in Emily Dickinson’s time.
?27.Which of the following is not mentioned as being one of Emily Dickinson’s eccentricities?
?A.Refusing to eat. B.Wearing only white.
?C.Avoiding visitors. D.Staying in her room.
?28.According to the passage, biographers of Emily Dickinson have traditionally ____.
?A.criticized most of her poems
?B.ignored her innocence and emotional fragility
?C.seen her life in romantic terms
?D.blaming her parents for restricting her activities
?29.The author implies that many people attribute Emily Dickinson’s seclusion to ____.
?A.physical illness B.a failed love affair
?C.religious fervor D.her dislike of people
?30.It can be inferred from the passage that Emily Dickinson lived in a society that was characterized by ____.
?A.strong Puritan beliefs
?B.equality of men and women
?C.the encouragement of nonconformity
?D.the appreciation of poetic creativity
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.?
The railroad industry could not have grown as large as it did without steel. The first rails were made of iron. But iron rails were not strong enough to support heavy trains running at high speeds. Railroad executives wanted to replace them with steel rails because steel was ten or fifteen times stronger and lasted twenty times longer. Before the 1870’s, however, steel was too expensive to be widely used. It was made by a slow and expensive process of heating, stirring and reheating iron ore.
?Then the inventor Henry Bessemer discovered that directing a blast of air at melted iron in a furnace would burn out the impurities that made the iron brittle. As the air shot through the furnace, the bubbling metal would erupt in showers of sparks. When the fire cooled, the metal had been changed, or converted to steel. The Bessemer converter made possible the mass production of steel. Now three to five tons of iron could be changed into steel in a matter of minutes.
Just when the demand for more and more steel developed, prospectors discovered huge new deposits of iron ore in the Mesabi Range, a 120?long region in Minnesota near Lake Superior. The Mesabi deposits were so near the surface that they could be mined with steam shovels.
?Barges and steamers carried the iron ore through Lake Superior to depots on the southern shores of Lake Michigan and Lake Erie. With dizzying speed Gary, Indiana, and Toledo, Youngstown, and Cleveland, Ohio, became major steel?manufacturing centers. Pittsburgh was the greatest steel city of all.
?Steel was the basic building material of the industrial age. Production skyrocketed from seventy?seven thousand tons in 1870 to over eleven million tons in 1900.
31.According to the passage, the railroad industry preferred steel to iron because steel was ____.
?A.cheaper and more plentiful
?B.lighter and easier to mold
?C.cleaner and easier to mine
?D.stronger and more durable
?32.According to the passage, how did Bessemer method make the mass production of steel possible?
?A.It directed air at melted iron in a furnace, removing all impurities.
?B.It slowly heated iron ore then stirred it and heated it again.
?C.It changed iron ore into iron which was a substitute for steel.
?D.It could quickly find deposits of iron ore under the ground.
?33.According to the passage, where were large deposits of iron uncovered?
?A.In Pittsburgh. ?B.In the Mesabi Range.
?C.Near Lake Michigan.?D.Near Lake Erie.
?34.The words “Barges and steamers” could best be replaced by which of the following?
?A.Trains.B.Planes.?C.Boats.?D.Trucks.
?35.It can be inferred from the passage that the mass production of steel caused ____.
?A.a decline in the railroad industry
?B.a revolution in the industrial world
?C.an increase in the price of steel
?D.a feeling of discontent among steel workers
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censuses—all of which led to modern descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.
?Descripitive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of data. These data may be either quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grand level—variables that are characterized by an underlying continuum—or the data may represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type. Large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reduction before they are comprehensible. Descriptive statistics is a tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible from the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.
?Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind. This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make prediction using a sample of observations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine of the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficient to question each child; the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.
?36.With what is the passage mainly concerned?
?A.The drawbacks of descriptive and inferential statistics.
?B.Applications of inferential statistics.
?C.The development and use of statistics.
?D.How to use descriptive statistics.
?37.Why does the author mention the “mother” and “father” in the first paragraph?
?A.To point out that parents can teach their children statistics.
?B.To introduce inferential statistics.
?C.To explain that there are different kinds of variables.
?D.To present the background of statistics in a humorous and understandable way.
?38.Which of the following is NOT given as an example of qualitative variable?
?A.Gender. B.Height.
?C.College major. D.Type of personality.
?39.Which of the following statements about descriptive statistics is best supported by the passage?
?A.It simplifies unwieldy masses of data.
?B.It leads to increased variability.
?C.It solves all numerical problems.
?D.It changes qualitative variables to quantitative variables.
?40.According to the passage which is the purpose of examining a sample of a population?
?A.To compare different groups.
?B.To predict characteristics of the entire population.
?C.To consider all the quantitative variables.
?D.To tabulate collections of data.
?Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)?
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
?41.He is among those lucky students who have won ____ to first rate university.
?A.permission B.admittance C.profession D.admission
?42.Mathematics as well as other subjects ____ a science.
?A.was B.is C.are D.belong to
?43.We should ____ our human and material resources if we are to succeed in the joint venture.
?A.pour B.plunge C.pool D.pick
?44.I would appreciate ____ it a secret.
?A.your keeping B.that you keep
?C.you to keep D.that you will keep
?45.Some old people don’t like pop songs because they can’t ____ so much noise.
?A.resist B.tolerate C.sustain D.undergo
?46.I’ll lend you my cassette recorder ____ I’ve done with it.
?A.every time B.the moment C.until D.lest
?47.I ____ several interesting facts about Mexico in that book.
?A.came to B. came into C.came over D.came across
?48.The seeing?eye dog was the blind man’s ____ companion.
?A.continual B.consistent C.constant D.continuous
?49.Getting up is an everyday ____.
?A.happening B.occurrence C.incident D.event
?50.We are not ____ to veto(否定) our own proposals.
?A.likely B.possible C.probable D.potential
?51.This is ____ the first time you have been late.
?A.under no circumstances B.on no account
?C.by no means D.for no reason
?52.Can you ____ me on the phone by the sound of my voice?
?A.make up B.make over C.make out D.make off
?53.The mechanic examined the car engine ____ but could find nothing wrong with it.
?A.throughout B.exactly C.thoroughly D.altogether
?54.Mr. Smith used to work the night ____ in a power plant.
?A.stretch B.shift C.time D.turn
?55.I broke my relationship with Anne because she always found ____.
?A.error B.mistake C.flaw D.fault
?56.He failed again in the driving test. I don’t know why ____ he was so nervous.
?A.in the earth B.on the earth
?C.in earth D.on earth
?57.Sally’s score on the exam is the lowest in the class. She ____ hard.
?A.should have studied B.must have to study
?C.must have studied D.needn’t have studied
?58.If you ____ in taking this attitude, we’ll have to ask you to leave.
?A.insist B.keep C.resist D.persist
?59.In Britain, the best season of the year is probably ____ spring.
?A.latter B.later C.last D.late
?60.____ he was a regular customer, the boss allowed 10% discount off the prices of the goods.
?A.Giving B.Given that
?C.Giving that D.To give that
?61.Like the old, ____ respected in our country.
?A.the female is B.a female is
?C.the female are D.female is
?62.It was difficult to tell what her ____ to the news could be.
?A.impression B.comment C.reaction D.opinion
?63.American women were ____ the right to vote until 1920.
?A.ignored B.denied C.rejected D.refused
?64.No one can behave ____, completely regardless of social conventions.
?A.at will B.at random C.on purpose D.on easy
?65.____ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.
?A.As for B.Except C.In spite D.Despite
?66.In his poems, he compared his little daughter ____ a flower.
?A.by B.to C.for D.as
?67.All flights ____ because of the heavy storm, we decided to take the train.
?A.having canceled B.being canceled
?C.having been canceled D.canceled
?68.Mother hopes her son will ____ doing anything rash.
?A.keep from B.avoid from C.ask from D.protect from
?69.This story is not real; it is ____.
?A.imaginative B.imaginary
?C.imaginable D.imagining
?70.He slept in the ____ of the trees on such a hot day.
?A.shade B.shelter C.shadow D.shield
Part Ⅳ Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)?
Directions:
In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).?
Our world is filled with sounds we never hear. The human auditory(聽覺的) range is limited to begin with: if we could hear sounds lower than 20 vibrations per second, we would be driven mad by the rumblings and creakings of our muscles, intestines and heartbeats; every step we take would sound like an explosion. But even with our auditory range we select, focus, pay attention to a few sounds and blot out the rest. We are so assaulted(困擾) by sound that we continually “turn off”. But in the process we shut out the glorious symphony(交響樂) of sound in which the living world is bathed.
The sound?tormented city dweller who habitually “turns off his audio” loses a dimension of social reality. Some people, for example, possess the ability to enter a crowded room and from the sounds encountered know immediately the mood, pace and direction of the group assembled. Everything becomes more real when heard as well as seen. It is, in fact, quite hard really to know a person by sight alone, without hearing his voice. And it is not just the sound of the voice that informs. Even the rhythm of footsteps reveals age and variations of mood—delight, depression, anger, joy.
Hearing can also soothe and comfort. The snapping of logs in the fireplace, the gossipy whisper of a broom, the inquisitive wheeze of a drawer opening—all are savored sounds that make us feel at home. In a well?loved home, every chair produced a different, recognizable creak, every window a different click, groan or squeak. The kitchen by itself is a source of many pleasing sounds. Every place, every event has a sound dimension.
The sense of hearing can perhaps be restored to modern man if he better understands its worth and how it works. Most people would be surprised to discover how far the sense can be pushed by cultivation. At a friend’s house recently, my wife opened her purse and some coins spilled out, one after another, onto the floor. “Three quarters, two dimes, a nickels and three pennies,” said our host as he came in from the next room. And as an after thought: “One of the quarters is silver.” He was right, down to the last penny.
“How did you do it?” we asked. “Try it yourself.” he said. We did, and with a little practice we found it easy.
Curiously, evidence indicates that people need sound. When we are lost in thought,we involuntarily drum with our fingers or tap with a pencil—a reminder that we are still surrounded by a world outside ourselves. Just cutting down reflected sound can produce some odd results. The nearest thing on earth to the silence of outer space, for example, is the “anechoic chamber” at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in Burray Hills, N.J., which is lined with material that absorbs 99.98% of all reflected sound. Men who have remained in the room for more than an hour report that they feel nervous and out of touch with reality.
Questions:
?S1.According to Paragraph One. Why do we blot out the sounds we don’t want to hear?__________________________________________
?S2.The writer believes that the rhythm of our footsteps changes as______________________________________.
?S3.How many different kinds of sounds are mentioned in Paragraph 3?________________________________________________
?S4.What’s the main idea of Paragraphs 4 and 5?___________________________________________________
?S5.The whole passage tells us that by ignoring most of the sound around us we miss much that could give us ______________________________.
Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)?
Directions:For this part, you’re allowed thirty minutes to write acomposition on the topic “Reading Selectively or Extensively?” you should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
?1.有人認為讀書要有選擇;
?2.有人認為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書;
?3.我的看法。
參考答案
Part Ⅱ
1
短文大意
文章主要描述了美國印第安人在美國革命中所面臨的矛盾，無論印第安人支持哪一方——殖民主義者還是英格蘭，他們都將失去自己的領(lǐng)土與獨立。本文進一步以Mary Brant和Nancy Ward為例闡述了該觀點。
?21.答案C。
?【試題分析】 此題考查對作者寫作目的理解。
?【詳細解答】 文章第3句就闡明了作者的觀點：無論印第安人支持哪一方——殖民主義者還是英格蘭，他們都將失去自己的領(lǐng)土與獨立。后面的部分都是舉例來證明觀點，所以C正確。A中印第安人與英格蘭并肩作戰(zhàn)而獲得了他們的土地，與文章內(nèi)容不符;B和D都不是文章的主要觀點。
?22.答案D。
?【試題分析】 此題考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文判斷具體詞義的能力。
?【詳細解答】 根據(jù)句子的意思，it指前面提到的印第安人的獨立，所以D項正確。A.方;B.革命;C.分歧;D.獨立。
?23.答案A。
?【試題分析】 此題為根據(jù)上下文推理題。
?【詳細解答】 文章倒數(shù)第四句指出，她在與Creeks人作戰(zhàn)的過程中表現(xiàn)勇敢，做為報償，部落給了她很高的職位。B.通過嫁給部落首領(lǐng)，C.通過加入南部聯(lián)邦，與文章內(nèi)容不符。D.通過出生于有影響的家庭，文中未提到，所以也不正確。
?24.答案C。
?【試題分析】 此題為語義推理題。
?【詳細解答】 文章倒數(shù)第三句指出Nancy Ward是Cherokee部落的當(dāng)權(quán)者。據(jù)此可知，她屬于該部落。所以C項正確。而A、B和D都只在介紹Mary Brant中提到過。
?25.答案B。
?【試題分析】 此題為根據(jù)上下文推理題。
?【詳細解答】 A.兩人都被她們的部落稱為“Beloved Woman”，而文中只有Nancy Ward有此稱號;B.兩人對她們部落在美國革命中作用影響很大，根據(jù)上下文我們可知B正確，而C和D文中都沒有提到，所以C和D均不正確。?
2
短文大意
本文是對美國著名女詩人Emily Dickinson的介紹。在1858到1862年間，Emily Dickinson創(chuàng)作了大量的詩歌，與此同時她開始關(guān)門閉戶，不與他人往來的生活。作者從另一個側(cè)面解釋Emily Dickinson隱居的原因并非她傳統(tǒng)和浪漫的一面，而是反對清教徒的清規(guī)戒律。
?26.答案A。
?【試題分析】 此題考查對作者寫與目的的理解。
?【詳細解答】 作者在本文中解釋了Emily Dickinson關(guān)門閉戶，不與他人往來的原因，所以A項正確。B進一步宣揚Emily Dickinson生活之謎，與A相反。C討論Emily Dickinson失敗婚戀的原因，不全面。D描述了Emily Dickinson時代的宗教氣候，也非作者意圖。
?27.答案A。
?【試題分析】 此題為語義辨析題，要求判斷正誤。
?【詳細解答】 “keeping to her room, sometimes even refusing to see visitors who called, she began to dress only in white…”此句表明拒絕吃東西不是她的怪僻之一。而B、C和D在上句均有涉及，所以正確答案為A。
?28.答案C。
?【試題分析】 此題為特定信息查尋題。
?【詳細解答】 文章指出，Dickinson的自傳作家只看到她傳統(tǒng)和浪漫的一面(…in terms of a traditional romantic plot)。所以C選項正確。A.批評她大部分的詩歌，與文章內(nèi)容不符。B.忽略了她的純真和感情上的脆弱，正好相反。D.譴責(zé)其父母限制她的活動，文中未提到。
?29.答案B。
?【試題分析】 此題為語義推理題。
?【詳細解答】 Her seclusion was not the result of a failed love affair. 此句暗含許多人認為她獨處的原因是失戀。所以B選項正確。A.身體疾病，文中未提到;B.失戀;C.宗教上的虔誠，而Emily Dickinson反對清教的清規(guī)戒律;D.她討厭別人也不正確。
?30.答案A。
?【試題分析】 此題為語義推理題。
?【詳細解答】 文章最后指出她隱居的原因之一是反對清教徒的清規(guī)戒律。據(jù)此可判斷，A.為正確答案。B.男女平等正與清教徒的教義相背。C.鼓勵人們不要順從傳統(tǒng)也與清教徒的教義相背。D.欣賞詩歌創(chuàng)作，文中未提到。?
3
短文大意
本文簡介了鋼的發(fā)展史，最初的車軌是鐵制的，為了支持重型高速列車的運行，人們發(fā)展了強度更大的鋼來取代鐵。后來Henry Bessemer發(fā)明了轉(zhuǎn)爐煉鋼法，使鋼的生產(chǎn)向大規(guī)�；l(fā)展。同時豐富鐵礦的發(fā)現(xiàn)，使鋼產(chǎn)業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，也形成了許多鋼生產(chǎn)中心，鋼也成為了工業(yè)時代的一種基本材料。
?31.答案D。
?【試題分析】 此題為語義測試題。
?【詳細解答】 “because steel was ten or fifteen times stronger and lasted twenty times longer”。此句表明人們以鋼代鐵的理由是鋼的強度大些，更耐用，所以D選項正確。A.更便宜更豐富;B.更輕且易于鑄造;C.干凈易于開采;D.強度更大，更耐用。
?32.答案A。
?【試題分析】 此題為語義推理題。
?【詳細解答】 文中第二段開頭提到Henry Bessemer在煉鐵時發(fā)現(xiàn)給熔爐鼓入空氣，除去雜質(zhì)，鐵就會變成鋼。這使鋼的生產(chǎn)向大規(guī)�；l(fā)展。所以正確答案為A。B.緩慢加熱鐵礦，攪拌后再次加熱，文中未提到。C.該方法將鐵礦轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭商娲摰蔫F，與文章含義不符。D.該方法能迅速發(fā)現(xiàn)地下鐵礦，這與Bessemer的發(fā)明無關(guān)。
?33.答案B。
?【試題分析】 此題為特定信息查尋題。
?【詳細解答】 根據(jù)第三段中的Prospectors discovered huge new deposits of iron ore in the Mesabi Range.,勘探者在Meabi Range發(fā)現(xiàn)了豐富的鐵礦，所以正確答案為B。
?34.答案C。
?【試題分析】 此題為語義測試題。
?【詳細解答】 barge意為“駁船”，steamer意為“輪船”，因為boat是船的總稱，所以兩者均可稱為boat，所以正確答案為C。A.火車，B.飛機，D.卡車
?35.答案B。
?【試題分析】 此題為語義推理題。
?【詳細解答】 文章最后指出，鋼是工業(yè)時代的基本建筑材料，據(jù)此可以推斷，鋼的大量生產(chǎn)將會帶來一場工業(yè)革命，所以正確答案為B。A.鐵路產(chǎn)業(yè)的下降，B.工業(yè)界的革命，C.鋼價格的上揚，D.鋼鐵工人的不滿情緒。
4
短文大意
本文是關(guān)于統(tǒng)計學(xué)發(fā)展與應(yīng)用的介紹。兩種不同的用途產(chǎn)生了統(tǒng)計學(xué)的兩個不同分支：描述統(tǒng)計學(xué)和推理統(tǒng)計學(xué)。描述統(tǒng)計學(xué)包括數(shù)據(jù)集合的制表、描述和形容。它可以將宏大的數(shù)據(jù)簡化成一種可以理解的形式。推理統(tǒng)計學(xué)則是通過抽樣分析對事物進行預(yù)測。
?36.答案C。
?【試題分析】 此題考查對作者寫作目的的理解。
?【詳細解答】 本文介紹了統(tǒng)計學(xué)的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用，并分類進行具體說明，所以答案C正確。A.描述統(tǒng)計學(xué)和推理統(tǒng)計學(xué)的缺陷，文中未提及;B.推理統(tǒng)計學(xué)的應(yīng)用，不全面;C.統(tǒng)計學(xué)的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用，正確;C.如何運用描述統(tǒng)計學(xué)也不全面。
?37.答案D。
?【試題分析】 此題為語義推理題。
?【詳細解答】 第一段中的mother和father說明了統(tǒng)計學(xué)的起源，同時表現(xiàn)出作者的幽默，所以正確答案為D。A.指出父母可以教孩子統(tǒng)計學(xué)，完全不合文意。B.介紹推理統(tǒng)計，不完全。C.說明有兩種不同變量，不確切。
?38.答案B。
?【試題分析】 此題為語義辨析題，要求判斷正誤。
?【詳細解答】 第二段提及了qualitative variables such as sex, college major, or personality types可見性質(zhì)變量不包括height，所以正確答案為B。
?39.答案A。
?【試題分析】 此題為語義測試題。
?【詳細解答】 第二段末指出，描述統(tǒng)計學(xué)可以將宏大的數(shù)據(jù)
簡化成一種可以理解的形式(reducing to comprehensible from the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data)。A.簡化大量數(shù)據(jù)，B.導(dǎo)致變量的增加;C.解決所有數(shù)字的問題，太絕對。D.將性質(zhì)變量變?yōu)閿?shù)量變量，文中未提到。所以正確答案為A。
?40.答案B。
?【試題分析】 此題為語義測試題。
?【詳細解答】 文章最后一句指出，對人進行抽樣統(tǒng)計的目的在于通過抽樣調(diào)查所獲得的結(jié)果來預(yù)測，估計人的總體特點(…to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population)。所以正確的答案為B。
Part Ⅲ
?41.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 他是那些能幸運地進入一流大學(xué)的學(xué)生中的一員。
?【試題分析】 此題既是近義詞辨析題，又是形近詞辨析題。
?【詞義辨析】 admission(入會，入學(xué)，入場)許可：Free admission.免票入場。admission常與介詞to搭配使用。A.permission允許，同意，一般用于give sb. permission to do sth.允許某人做某事，不能與表示機構(gòu)的詞搭配使用。B.admittance承認;C.profession職業(yè);D.表示入學(xué)只能用admission to a school，此為固定搭配。
?42.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 數(shù)學(xué)和其它科目一樣是一門科學(xué)。
?【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考主謂一致和時態(tài)。
?【詳細解答】 此題主語是Mathematics，學(xué)科做主語時，是表示單數(shù)的意義的詞，故只能在A、B兩項中選擇，而A時態(tài)不對，D.belong to屬于。
?43.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 如果我們想辦成功合資企業(yè)的話，就必須集中我們的人力和物力資源以共分享。
?【試題分析】 此為形近詞辨析題。
?【詞義辨析】 pool聚集在一起：Since none of us can afford a car, let’s pool our money to buy one for all use.既然，我們誰都買不起一輛車，不如合資買一輛車供大家使用。A.pour傾注，傾倒：It was pouring outside.外面大雨傾盆。B.plunge投入：He plunged into the water and saved the girl.他跳入水中救起了女孩子。D.pick摘取：pick a flower摘一朵花。
?44.答案A。
?【參考譯文】 如果你能保守秘密我將十分感激。
?【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考動詞搭配。
?【詳細解答】 appreciate后面一般不接賓語從句，而用動名詞形式，所以A為正確答案。注意：appreciate的用法同mind，類似的詞還有consider。
?45.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 一些老人不喜歡流行音樂，因為他們受不了如此吵鬧的聲音。
?【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題，根據(jù)句意來判斷。
?【詞義辨析】 tolerate忍受，容忍：I cannot tolerate your bad manners any longer.我再也受不了你惡劣的態(tài)度;A.resist抵抗，抵制：resist the temptation抵抗誘惑;C.sustain支撐;維持：sustain a family贍養(yǎng)家庭;D.undergo經(jīng)歷：undergo great troubles經(jīng)歷了艱辛。老人不喜歡流行音樂主要是他們從心理上接受不了這種音樂方式，是一種態(tài)度取向問題，而不是身體上是否承受或遭受得起的問題。因而B為最佳答案。
?46.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 我一用完盒式錄音機，就把它借給你。
?【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考學(xué)生對連詞的掌握。
?【詳細解答】 the moment一……就，相當(dāng)于as soon as ，如：He telephoned me the moment he got the result of the test.他一得到考試結(jié)果的消息就馬上打電話給我。A.every time每一次，用在此處不能充當(dāng)連詞的作用，如改為whenever則在語法上可以。C.until直到，如用在肯定句中，主句的謂語動詞不能是短暫性動詞。而“lend”為一次性動作，所以C也不符合。D.lest萬一，用在此處不符合句意，而且lest引導(dǎo)的從句，從句要用虛擬語氣。
?47.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 在那本書中我發(fā)現(xiàn)一些關(guān)于墨西哥的有趣的事實。
?【試題分析】 此為“come”動詞詞組辨析題。
?【詞義辨析】 come across(偶然)遇見;(偶然)發(fā)現(xiàn)：come across a friend in the street在街上遇到一個朋友。A.come to達到;達成：come to a conclusion得出結(jié)論。B.come into進入;繼承;得到： come into power當(dāng)權(quán);come into a fortune繼承一筆財產(chǎn)。C.come over順便來訪;(感覺，影響)支配，攫�。篈 fit of dizziness came over him.他忽然感到一陣暈眩。
?48 .答案C。
?【參考譯文】 這只引路狗是這位盲人的忠實伙伴。
?【試題分析】 此題為近義詞兼形近詞辨析題。
?【詞義辨析】 constant永恒的，忠實的：a constant believer in materialism堅信唯物主義的人。A.continual連續(xù)的;不間斷的：Pay continual visits to the library.常去圖書館。B.consistent(人，行為)一致的;經(jīng)常的;一貫的。a consistent policy一貫的政策。D.continuous持續(xù)不斷的：continuous development不斷的發(fā)展。從題意中可看出“companion(伴侶)”是“忠實的”。
?49.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 起床是天天都發(fā)生的事。
?【試題分析】 此題為近義詞辨析題。
?【詞義辨析】 occurrence事件，事情，可指意外或計劃中的事情，也可指普通家庭中的事情。A.happening往往指偶然或未能預(yù)見而發(fā)生的事情、事件。C.incident常指附隨于重要事件的事件，尤其指導(dǎo)致紛爭的沖突事端。D.event尤指重大事件。“getting up ”不能算是重大事件，也非沖突性的事端，更不是偶然發(fā)生的，故B為正確選項。
?50.答案A。
?【參考譯文】 我們有可能否定自己的提議。
?【試題分析】 此題為近義詞辨析題，更主要是考搭配和句型。
?【詞義辨析】 likely可能的：He is likely to get the job.他有可能得到這份工作。B、C均表示可能的，但不能以人為主語，而只能用于It is possible/probable to do…結(jié)構(gòu)中。D.potential潛在的，常用作定語：potential market潛在的市場。
51.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 這絕非你第一次遲到。
?【試題分析】 此題為近義詞組辨析。
?【詞義辨析】 by no means決不：He is by no means discouraged.他決不氣餒。A.under no circumstances無論在什么情況下都不要，強調(diào)不受環(huán)境變化的影響。B.on no account無論持任何理由決不，無論如何不要，強調(diào)不管有無原因都一樣。D.for no reason沒有任何理由。本句是強調(diào)一種既存的事實，而不是將要發(fā)生的事情，當(dāng)然不能選A、B。C才是最佳答案。
?52.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 你能根據(jù)我在電話中的聲音辨別出我是誰嗎?
?【試題分析】 此題考有關(guān)“make”的詞組辨析。
?【詞義辨析】 make out看出來，認出來：make out what was written on the blackboard看清黑板上的字。A.make up 組成：This team is made up of 11 players. 這支隊由11名選手組成。B.make over改變;轉(zhuǎn)移：make over the basement into a work shop把地下室改造成車間。D.make off離開，尤指逃走。
?53.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 機械師徹底檢查了引擎卻沒發(fā)現(xiàn)任何故障。
?【試題分析】 此題為形近詞辨析題，又為近義詞辨析題。
?【詞義辨析】 thoroughly徹底地：clean the house thoroughly徹底地打掃房子。A.throughout遍及，貫穿：throughout the country貫穿整個國家。throughout是介詞，不能修飾動詞。B.exactly準(zhǔn)確地，確切地：He arrived home very late, 11:00 p.m. exactly.他到家很晚，確切地說晚上11點才到家。D.altogether總共：There’re 37 students altogether in our class.我們班總共有37名學(xué)生。
?54.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 史密斯過去在一家電廠常上夜班。
?【試題分析】 此題考固定搭配。
?【詳細解答】 shift輪班：night shift夜班，為固定搭配。A.stretch伸展;一般持續(xù)的時間：a stretch of 3 months三個月的時間。
?55.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 我和安妮斷交了，因為她總愛挑剔。
?【試題分析】 此題看似近義詞辨析，實際上是考固定搭配。
?【詳細解答】 fault過失，強調(diào)應(yīng)對所犯錯誤負責(zé)。find fault為固定搭配，表示“吹毛求疵，挑剔”。A.error錯誤，尤指行為或信仰上的過失，除了在道德事件上的過失用error外，其它情況與mistake意思相同。B.mistake錯誤，by mistake錯誤地，為固定搭配。C.flaw缺陷，瑕疵，尤指不足之處：a flaw on the diamond鉆石上有一瑕疵。
?56.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 他駕駛考試又失敗了。我真不明白他究竟為什么如此緊張。
?【試題分析】 此題考固定搭配。
?【詳細解答】 on earth為固定搭配，表示“究竟”，為程度副詞。如：What on earth do you want me to do?你究竟想要我干什么?B.on the earth在地球上。A.in the earth在泥土里。
?57.答案A。
?【參考譯文】 莎莉這次考試成績在班上最差，她本應(yīng)該好好學(xué)習(xí)的。
?【試題分析】 此題為語法題。
?【詳細解答】 實際情況是莎莉成績最差，那么說明她以前沒認真學(xué)習(xí)。用“should+完成時態(tài)”表示過去應(yīng)該做而沒有做到的情況。B.“must have to study”, must不能與have to連用，兩者重復(fù)。C.“must have studied”表示對過去情況的一種推測，與句意相反。D.“needn’t have studied”表示沒必要做而實際已經(jīng)做了，與句意也不符合。
?58.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 如果你堅持采取這種態(tài)度，我們只好請你離開。
?【試題分析】 此題表面看是近義詞辨析，實質(zhì)是考搭配。
?【詳細解答】 persist in 堅持，表示固執(zhí)己見。A.insist堅持，但insist只能與on搭配使用，即insist on doing sth. B.keep為及物動詞，“keep doing”表示“一直做……”;C.resist抵抗，抵制，也是及物動詞。
?59.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 在英國，一年最好的季節(jié)也是暮春。
?【試題分析】 此題為形近詞辨析題。
?【詳細解答】 late遲的;晚期的：at a late hour在很晚的時候;in the late sixties在六十年代后期。A.latter后面的，后半的，后者的。latter表示“后半的，半了的”常與“part, half”等詞連用，如：the latter half of the year下半年。“latter”不能與表時間的詞連用。B.later 以后，用作副詞：sooner or later遲早;later on以后，下回。C.last最后的，用在此句不符合句意。
?60.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 考慮到他是位老顧客老板給他打了9折。
?【試題分析】 此題為語法題，所缺部分應(yīng)為狀語成分。
?【詳細解答】 Given放句首，后跟名詞或從句，然后再跟主句是固定句型，given充當(dāng)介詞使用，表示假設(shè)、假定、已知等意思，常譯為“考慮到……，如果有……”。如：Given his age, this child really did a good job.考慮到他的年紀(jì)，小男孩的確干得不錯。
?61.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 在我們國家，婦女和老人一樣受到尊敬。?【試題分析】 本題考對仗結(jié)和主謂一致。
?【詳細解答】 在表示比較、對應(yīng)關(guān)系時，兩者在形式上要一致。“like the old”，old前用了定冠詞，相應(yīng)的female前也要用定冠詞。the female指的是一個群體，謂語動詞應(yīng)用“are”而不是“is”，因此C為正確選項。
?62.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 很難說她對這一消息的反應(yīng)是怎樣的。
?【試題分析】 此題主要考搭配，題干中介詞“to”為關(guān)鍵詞。
?【詳細解答】 reaction反應(yīng)，常與介詞“to”連用，表示“對……的反應(yīng)”，如：What’s his reaction to this proposal?他對這一提議做何反應(yīng)?A.impression印象，一般用于“make an impression on sb.給某人留下印象”結(jié)構(gòu)中;B.comment評述，與介詞on連用：comment on this book書評;D.opinion看法，觀點，多與介詞of連用。
?63.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 在1920年以前美國婦女都沒有選舉權(quán)。
?【試題分析】 此題為近義詞辨析題。
?【詳細解答】 deny否定;deny sb. sth.拒絕給某人某物：Some parents never deny their children anything.一些父母孩子要什么就給什么從不拒絕。A.ignore忽視，不理睬：ignore the customer’s complaints不理睬顧客的申訴;C.reject拒絕：reject our suggestion拒絕了我們的建議;D.refuse拒絕：refuse to sign the contract拒簽合同。A、C、D均不能接復(fù)合賓語。此題只能選B。
?64.答案A。
?【參考譯文】 沒有人能完全不顧社會慣例而為所欲為。
?【試題分析】 此題為詞組辨析題，根據(jù)句意來判斷。
?【詳細解答】 at will任意，隨心所欲。B.at random隨便地，偶然地：I just picked up a book at random to kill my time.我只是隨便拿了本書以消磨時間。C.on purpose故意地：He did it on purpose.他故意這么做。D.on easy沒有這樣的詞組。
?65.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 雖然科學(xué)不斷進步，老齡所帶來的不適毫無疑問會一直伴隨著我們。
?【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考學(xué)生對表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的介詞的掌握。
?【詳細解答】 從題意中，我們可以得出“advances of science”和“the discomforts of old age”是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故可以排除A、B兩項。A.as for關(guān)于，至于。B.except除……以外。而C選項形式不正確，應(yīng)該為in spite of才行。D.despite=in spite of盡管。
?66.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 他在詩中把自己的小女兒比喻成一朵花。
?【試題分析】 此題為搭配辨析題。
?【詳細解答】 此題“compare”為關(guān)鍵詞，常用于“compare A to B(把A比喻成B)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，或“compare A with B(比較A和B)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，故B為正確選項。
?67.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 由于這場暴風(fēng)雨航班被取消了，我們決定坐火車。
?【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考獨立主格的構(gòu)成。
?【詳細解答】 此處獨立主格用作原因狀語。因為flights是cancel的邏輯賓語，又置于cancel之前，因此cancel應(yīng)用被動形式，而且航班的取消應(yīng)發(fā)生在我們決定坐火車之前，所以用完成時態(tài)。因此C為正確選項。
?68.答案A。
?【參考譯文】 母親希望兒子不要輕率行事。
?【試題分析】 此題為詞組辨析題，實質(zhì)考搭配。
?【詳細解答】 首先可排除B、C兩項，因為avoid為及物動詞，常用于avoid (doing) sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中。ask也為及物動詞，沒有ask from這樣的詞組。D.protect雖然能與from搭配使用，但一般用于protect…from結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“保衛(wèi)……，使不受……傷害”。A.keep from阻止;抑制：keep from talking like that不要那樣講話。
?69.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 這個故事不是真的，是虛構(gòu)的。
?【試題分析】 此題為形近詞辨析題。
?【詳細解答】 imaginary想象力的，虛構(gòu)的：imaginary enemy假想的敵人。A.imaginative想象力豐富力的：imaginative writer想象力豐富的作家。C.imaginable可想象的：unimaginable difficulty無法想象的困難。
?70.答案A。
?【參考譯文】 在如此炎熱的天氣，他在樹蔭下睡覺。
?【試題分析】 此題為近義詞辨析題。
?【詳細解答】 shade“蔭，陰涼處”，正符合題意。如：Store the food in the shade.在食物放在陰涼處。B.shelter躲避，躲避風(fēng)雨的地方或東西，與句意中“hot weather”不相關(guān)。如：We took shelter from the rain in a cave. 我們在山洞里躲雨。C.shadow陰影，暗處，指陽光照不到的地方，或光線照射所形成的陰影。在樹下乘涼，并不是指在樹影下乘涼，故A比C合適。D.shield盾牌，庇護物。
Part Ⅳ
短文大意
本文講述的是聲音對人的作用。由于世界充滿各種聲音，我們經(jīng)常只是有選擇性地聆聽。然而聲音卻是現(xiàn)實世界的一個表面，它還能使人感到安慰和舒適。而聽覺是可以提高的，并且有事實表明人需要聲音。
?S1.【參考答案】Because there’re numerous sounds around us.
【解題技巧】利用原文中的提示，用自己的話重組答案。
?【詳細解答】 此題在第一段中能找到答案。即“We are so assaulted by sound that wecontinually turn off.”。但回答應(yīng)具體化，不能照般原話。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知“Our world is filled with sounds.”，因此可把“assaulted by sound”更換成“numerous sounds around us”就更直接，更具體。
?S2.【參考答案】our mood changes。
? 【解題技巧】利用原文現(xiàn)有詞重組答案。
【詳細解答】 從第二段最后一句可知腳步的節(jié)奏能揭示一個人的年紀(jì)和情緒的變化�？梢娔_步節(jié)奏會隨著我們心情的變化而變化。解答時借用“mood”這一關(guān)鍵詞。由于as后要接從句，“mood”后的謂語就可用我們熟悉的“change”，而無須用vary, 以避免照搬原話之嫌。
?S3.【參考答案】six
?【詳細解答】 在第三段中提及各種聲音，要仔細數(shù)清楚，不能遺漏。這六種聲音分別是：logs, brooms, drawer, chair, window, kitchen所發(fā)出的聲音。
?S4.【參考答案】Practice helps improve our sense of hearing.
? 【解題技巧】 概括段落大意時，盡可能利用原文中現(xiàn)有的詞。
?【詳細解答】 第四段的第一句說明聽覺是可以提高的。下文接著說可以通過培養(yǎng)來提高聽覺。在后面的例子中，作者證實了這一點。因此這兩段的主要意思是可以通過訓(xùn)練，提高聽覺。在這兩段中分別出現(xiàn)了“the sense of hearing”，“restored”，“cultivation”，“practice”，可以利用這些詞來組織答案。
?S5.【參考答案】pleasure and information.
?【詳細解答】 此題找不到現(xiàn)存的答案，需要進行總結(jié)，從第一段最后一句可知如果我們對周圍的聲音充耳不聞，我們便無法享受聲音所帶來的種種樂趣。從第二段可知聲音是社會現(xiàn)實的一個層面，能揭示人的心情等，且倒數(shù)第二句：“…voice that informs”說明聲音能提供信息。從第三段的第一句可知聲音還能給人安慰、是令人愉快的。最后一段則說明沒了聲音，人們會感到緊張，與現(xiàn)實隔絕�？偠灾�，聲音能提供快樂信息和安慰，安慰可并入愉悅之內(nèi)，因為令人高興當(dāng)然會令人感到安慰。因此推導(dǎo)出答案為Pleasure and information，如果加上comfort也可以。?
Part Ⅴ
寫作指導(dǎo)
?這是一篇議論文，要求照提綱要求來展開論述。內(nèi)容涉及到閱讀的兩種途徑，一種是選擇性閱讀，另一種是博覽群書，要求學(xué)生分別闡述存在兩種不同讀書態(tài)度的原因 ，也即兩種途徑各自的優(yōu)勢或不足之處，并在此基礎(chǔ)上，闡明自己的觀點。在范文中，先借讀書有益引入話題，指出存在兩種不同的態(tài)度。第二段先介紹支持第一種態(tài)度人的觀點，通過“for one thing”和“for another”把兩點原因緊密聯(lián)系起來。第三段再介紹第二種讀書途徑的必要性和長處。最后以“In my opinion”引出作者自己的看法。此時作者采取折衷態(tài)度，強調(diào)要博覽選擇后的好書，使自己立于不敗之地。
Sample Writing
Reading Selectively or Extensively?
?Now, it is generally accepted that reading is very important. But when it comes to how to read, there has sprung up a heated discussion as to whether we should read selectively or extensively.
?Those who are in favor of the idea of reading selectively believe that it is not how much one reads but what he reads that really counts. For one thing, living in an age when much time has to be taken by work and other activities, people are unable to find enough time to read extensively even if they intend to. For an other, some books are harmful and therefore the choice of books can never be overlooked.
?However, those who insist on reading extensively argue that it is through reading extensively that we obtain most of our knowledge. Now branches of knowledge diverge into each other rather than isolated from each other. Only when one goes beyond his own field and read widely can he really make remarkable achievements in his study. In addition, the most valuable gifts bestowed by reading extensively are experience, broad view and wisdom.
?In my opinion, we should read both selectively and extensively. That is to say , upon reading, we have to first distinguish good books from indecent ones. But to the former, there is no such things as too many in reading.
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