2010年6月英語四級(jí)考試命題剖析與指導(dǎo)：聽力理解

第三章 聽力理解
　　第一節(jié) 聽力理解命題剖析與預(yù)測(cè)
　　聽力理解是四級(jí)考試中分值較大的一個(gè)部分，占整份試卷的35%。它總共分為3個(gè)部分，四種類型：Section A由8組短對(duì)話和2組長(zhǎng)對(duì)話組成，前者含有八個(gè)問題，后者含有7個(gè)問題，分值為15%;Section B由3篇短文組成，含有10個(gè)問題，分值為10%;Section C由一篇短文組成，要求填寫7個(gè)單詞和3句話，分值為10%。
　　一、聽力理解命題剖析(略)
　　二、聽力理解命題預(yù)測(cè)(略)
　　第二節(jié) 聽力理解應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)——“定位法”
　　根據(jù)聽力部分的命題特點(diǎn)可知，“定位法”是最適合的解題方法之一，可以完全按照其基本步驟來解題，即：預(yù)測(cè)→定位→驗(yàn)證。
　　一、預(yù)測(cè)
　　鑒于聽力的特殊性——閱讀材料中只有題支，沒有題干，所以主要是通過題支(復(fù)合式聽寫除外)來預(yù)測(cè)。預(yù)測(cè)的基本原則是：聯(lián)系想內(nèi)容，區(qū)別(反義)定答案;相似可能選，絕對(duì)定不選;積極可能選，消極必不選�！奥�(lián)系想內(nèi)容”是指通過各個(gè)題支之間的聯(lián)系來猜測(cè)聽力材料的內(nèi)容;“區(qū)別(反義)定答案”是指各個(gè)題支間的區(qū)別是確定答案的關(guān)鍵地方，尤其是意思截然相反的選項(xiàng)，其中之一很可能就是正確答案;“相似可能選”，是指兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相似的句子可能其中之一是正確答案;“絕對(duì)定不選”，是指內(nèi)容過于絕對(duì)的選項(xiàng)一定不是正確答案，例如：選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了only, all, any, best等詞;“積極可能選，消極必不選”，其實(shí)是一個(gè)問題的兩個(gè)方面，是指內(nèi)容積極向上或者含義深刻的選項(xiàng)有可能是正確選項(xiàng)，而內(nèi)容消極的選項(xiàng)一定是不正確的選項(xiàng)。但是，由于聽力部分含有四種不同的題型，所以除了這個(gè)適用于所有聽力預(yù)測(cè)的基本原則之外，每種題型都有自己一些特殊的預(yù)測(cè)方法，請(qǐng)具體參見后面各節(jié)中的解題技巧點(diǎn)撥部分。這里只針對(duì)一般情況作出舉例說明。
　　1.聯(lián)系想內(nèi)容
　　A) Give his ankle a good rest.
　　B) Treat his injury immediately.
　　C) Continue his regular activities.
　　D) Be careful when climbing steps.
　　M: Today is a bad day for me; I fell off a step and twisted my ankle.
　　W: Don’t worry, usually ankle injuries heal quickly if you stop regular activities for a while.
　　Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
　　【預(yù)測(cè)】四個(gè)題支的關(guān)鍵區(qū)別是謂語不同：give, treat, continue 和be careful，但其中的ankle, injury，regular activities 和climbing steps等之間互有聯(lián)系，可猜測(cè)本題與腳踝受傷有關(guān)，而且是女士對(duì)男士所提的建議，所以要重點(diǎn)聽女士的話語。
　　2.反義定答案
　　A)The man hates to lend his tools to other people.
　　B)The man hasn’t finished working on the bookshelf.
　　C)The tools have already been returned to the woman.
　　D)The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing.
　　W: Simon, could you return the tools I lent you for building the bookshelf last month?
　　M: Uh, well, I hate to tell you this…but I can?t seem to find them.
　　Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
　　【預(yù)測(cè)】選項(xiàng)C和D的意思截然相反，其中之一必是正確答案。
　　3.—6(略)
　　二、定位
　　由于卷面上的聽力部分只有選項(xiàng)沒有問題，所以除了要定位選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容之外，還必須在聽的過程中對(duì)問題進(jìn)行定位，這是做好聽力的關(guān)鍵。對(duì)于問題的定位，一般會(huì)涉及到“5w1h”，即：where, when, who, why, what, how;同時(shí)，也可以通過題支的語法特點(diǎn)和含義來提前對(duì)問題定位，例如：by + doing sth.表示方式。對(duì)于選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容(正確答案)的定位，一般遵循“聽到啥選啥”的原則(短對(duì)話除外)。例如：(略)
　　三、驗(yàn)證(略)
　　第三節(jié) 短對(duì)話
　　一、短對(duì)話解題技巧點(diǎn)撥
　　一般來說，短對(duì)話部分共有8組對(duì)話，8個(gè)問題，每個(gè)對(duì)話涉及一個(gè)問題，彼此之間無聯(lián)系。而且，與聽力部分的其他題目相比，短對(duì)話是相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的一種題型。它的內(nèi)容與大學(xué)生的日常生活結(jié)合最緊密，可能會(huì)涉及到學(xué)習(xí)、考試、住宿、交際、天氣、購(gòu)物、就餐、旅游、約會(huì)、交通、工作、送行、會(huì)議、娛樂、鍛煉、職業(yè)等方面。
　　就解題方法和技巧而言，除了聽力通用的“聯(lián)系想內(nèi)容，區(qū)別(反義)定答案;相似可能選，絕對(duì)定不選;積極可能選，消極必不選”的基本原則之外，短對(duì)話的解題有一個(gè)與其他題型特別不同之處，即：聽啥不選啥。“聽啥不選啥”，是指對(duì)原文直接重復(fù)的選項(xiàng)一般不是正確答案。這是因?yàn)槎虒?duì)話比較簡(jiǎn)單，要求考生能完全聽懂，并對(duì)聽到的內(nèi)容有比較深刻的理解。例如：考試大論壇
　　A)Having confidence in her son.
　　B)Telling her son not to worry.
　　C)Teaching her son by herself.
　　D)Asking the teacher for extra help.
　　W: What would you do if you were in my place?
　　M: If Paul were my son, I’d just not worry. Now that his teacher is giving him extra help and he is working hard himself, he’s sure to do well in the next exam.
　　Q: What’s the man’s suggestion to the woman?
　　【技巧點(diǎn)撥】選項(xiàng)B中出現(xiàn)了原文的not worry，選項(xiàng)D中出現(xiàn)了原文的his teacher is giving him extra help，但是正確答案A幾乎沒有出現(xiàn)對(duì)話中的原詞。
　　二、短對(duì)話真題例析
　　2009年6月真題
　　11.A)She expected more people at her party. B)She enjoys entertaining small children.
　　C)She threw a surprise party for her friend. D)She has always enjoyed great popularity.
　　12.A)They are not used to living in a cold place. B)They feel lucky to live in Florida.
　　C)They are going to have a holiday. D)They have not booked their air tickets yet.
　　13.A)He was pleased to get the medal. B)He was very courageous.
　　C)He used to be a firefighter. D)He was accused of causing a fire.
　　14.A)Make a profitable investment. B)Buy a new washing machine
　　C)Get parts for the machine from Japan. D)Have the old washing machine fixed.
　　15.A)He is pleased with his exciting new job. B)He finds the huge workload unbearable.
　　C)He finds his office much too big for him. D)He is not so excited about his new position.
　　16.A)The woman is going to hold a big party tomorrow.
　　B)The man has no idea what the right thing to do is.
　　C)The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party.
　　D)The man offers to drive the woman to the party.
　　17.A)Drawing up a business plan. B) Discussing a term paper.
　　C) Finalizing a contract. D)Reviewing a co-authored article.
　　18.A)She ordered some paper. C)She chatted online with a friend.
　　B)She had the printer repaired. D)She filled in an application form.
　　【預(yù)測(cè)】
　　11.A)She expected more people at her party.
　　B)She enjoys entertaining small children.
　　C)She threw a surprise party for her friend.

　　D)She has always enjoyed great popularity.
　　11.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的謂語側(cè)重點(diǎn)和時(shí)態(tài)都不同，要注意問題如何提問;其中涉及到party, entertain, children, friend, enjoy等詞，可以猜測(cè)是跟派對(duì)有關(guān)。

　　12.A)They are not used to living in a cold place.
　　B)They feel lucky to live in Florida.
　　C)They are going to have a holiday.
　　D)They have not booked their air tickets yet.

　　12.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同，注意問題的問法;其中涉及到place, live, holiday, book tickets等詞，可以猜測(cè)跟居住地和旅游有關(guān)。