英語(yǔ)四級(jí)說(shuō)明作文書寫思路
說(shuō)明文是用言簡(jiǎn)意賅的語(yǔ)言來(lái)介紹客觀事物，講清事理，并給人增加知識(shí)的一種文體。說(shuō)明文解說(shuō)事物的特點(diǎn)、發(fā)展變化規(guī)律，分析前因后果，目的在于使讀者明白事理，獲得必要的信息，對(duì)事物有個(gè)較完整明晰的了解和認(rèn)識(shí)。說(shuō)明文不同于記敘文和議論文，它重在給人介紹，讓人明白，因而，輕情義重事實(shí)。說(shuō)明文與議論文關(guān)系密切，有人將其統(tǒng)稱為議論文。但在寫作的目的和方法上兩者仍有區(qū)別。說(shuō)明文主要是通過(guò)事實(shí)客觀地解釋或說(shuō)明事物本身;而議論文則以事實(shí)、數(shù)據(jù)等為證據(jù)，表明主觀見(jiàn)解，使讀者信服或贊同某一觀點(diǎn)。
歷年四級(jí)考試中的How I Overcome Difficulties in Learning English、My Ideal Job以及圖表作文的第一段都屬于說(shuō)明文的.范疇，如，2002年6月的根據(jù)坐標(biāo)圖寫題為Students Use of Computers的作文。
說(shuō)明文必須按一定的順序進(jìn)行說(shuō)明：時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)識(shí)順序，選擇具體的特點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)說(shuō)明。
所以，說(shuō)明文的思路要圍繞說(shuō)明順序、事物的特點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)展開(kāi)。例如：
范文點(diǎn)評(píng)
A Famous Clock
When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!
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